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Climate of Hong Kong

Explore the weather patterns in Hong Kong, from anticyclones to tropical cyclones, and their impact on weather conditions throughout the year. Learn about seasonal variations and factors influencing the climate.

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Climate of Hong Kong

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Climate of Hong Kong

  2. The weather chart symbols

  3. Anticyclone • Area of high pressure • Characteristics: • Isobars are circular • Pressure is highest at the centre and decreases away from it • Winds are weak • Air sinks at the centre and winds has a clockwise direction

  4. Weather conditions • Occurs in winter • Skies are clear and air is dry • It is cool at night and warm during the day • Light winds from the northeast • Weather is calm and fine

  5. Ridge of high pressure • A tongue-shaped area of high pressure • Extend from a high pressure centre • Characteristics: • Occurs in winter and early spring • Looks like a tongue • Winds blows outwards from a ridge

  6. Weather condition • Fig.21.4 • Weather is fine and calm • The temperature was 160C • Wind from south-east • 2.5 m/s

  7. Tropical cyclone/typhoon • A very low pressure system • Characteristics • Pressure at centre below 1000 hPa • Isobars are circular and closely spaced • Winds blow anticlockwise and inwards (northern hemisphere) • Heavy downpour and thunderstorm

  8. Overcast skies and cumulonimbus clouds • Eye is characterised by sinking air and fine weather • Dies when it moves inland • When warm moist air is cut off • Mountain barriers increase the friction of movement

  9. Weather of approaching typhoon • Weather is fine • Some high clouds • Temperature and humidity are high • Winds are light or calm • Pressure falls

  10. Front vortex arrived in HK • Weather is getting worse • Rainfall increases with heavy downpours • Air pressure drops rapidly • Wind from NE, NW to E. • Wind speed is high • Relative humidity is high

  11. Eye over HK • A period of fine weather • No rain and few clouds • Wind is light or calm • Air pressure is the lowest

  12. Eye moves away • Weather is bad • Wind direction is reversed and changed to southwest • Wind is strong • Rainfall increases • Air pressure rises rapidly

  13. Typhoon has passed: • Weather is better • Sky no longer overcast • Rainfall gradually stops • Temperature and pressure rises to normal again

  14. Trough of low pressure • A tongue-shaped area of LP • Extending out from a low pressure centre • Characteristics • Narrow zone of low pressure • Wind blows to the axis of trough

  15. Weather conditions • Occurs in late spring and early summer • The pressure falls • Temperature and relative humidity rise • Rising of air in the trough • Unsettled weather with heavy rain

  16. Cold front • A front is a surface between two different air masses. • The cold air is advancing when it meets warm air

  17. Characteristics • Cold air moved beneath the warm air • Warm air is forced to rise • Bad weather is resulted • Develop in winter and early spring when the cold air flow outward from an anticyclone

  18. Before cold front arrives at HK • Weather is relatively warm • Fine weather and little cloud cover • Calm or light winds blowing onshore • Relatively low air pressure

  19. Cold front arrived • Temperature begins to fall • Relative humidity increases • Light to heavy rain falls • What type of rain is formed? • Describe the processes taking place along the cold front………

  20. Cyclonic rain formed • It is cyclonic / frontal rain • Wind speed increases • Wind direction changes from S to north • Air pressure rises

  21. Cold front has passed • Under the influence of an anticyclone • Temperature drops a few degrees • Clear sky • Relative humidity is low / air dry • Off-shore winds blow from N to NE • Air pressure is high • Cold dry weather

  22. Depression • A depression is an area of low pressure • Characteristics • Develop over China in summer • Gentle winds blow inward in an anticlockwise direction (N. Hemp)

  23. Weather conditions • Air is warm and wet • Cloudy with showers, sometimes heavy downpours • Thunderstorms • Sunny periods separated by showers

  24. Factors influencing the climate of HK

  25. 1. The Asian monsoon system • Winter monsoon • Temperature is low in N China • Pressure is high over N China • Pressure is low over the ocean/Australia • Winds blow from high pressure area to low pressure area • HK has offshore winds

  26. HK is cool in winter • The sky is sunny with little cloud • Rainfall is little • Relative humidity is low • Strong NE winds

  27. Summer monsoon • Temperature is high in Asian continent • Low pressure develops • But high pressure develops over warmer ocean • Winds blow from the ocean to the land • HK has onshore winds

  28. HK is hot in summer • Most rain falls in summer with heavy downpours • Light winds blow from SE to SW direction • High relative humidity

  29. 2. latitude • Located on the latitude 22o20’N

  30. 3. Nearness to the sea • The sea makes the climate humid • Annual temperature range moderate

  31. 4. relief • Highland in HK causes relief rain in the eastern part • Lower rainfall in the western part

  32. The four seasons

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