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Expanding Knowledge: The Technological Revolution and Education (1950-1965)

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20 diapositives · 358 Views · Aug 09, 2014

The period from 1950 to 1965 marked a significant era of knowledge growth and technological innovation, driven by nationalism and a pressing need for educational reform in the U.S. Following the launch of Sputnik, there was a booming public demand for enhanced education, particularly in reading, which was seen as vital for defending democracy and fostering informed citizenship. Government initiatives by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson emphasized funding for education and job training programs, aiming to combat poverty and functional illiteracy. This movement led to deeper examination of teaching methods and greater societal involvement in reading instruction.

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  1. “The Period of Expanding Knowledge and Technological Revolution” Perspectives from Nila Banton Smith & Matt Sutton

  2. Introduction • The period 1950 to 1965 is a time of knowledge growth and technological innovation. (Sound familiar?) • Nationalism is at the heart of education during this era. • Gwinn stated, “The task of public education in this age is to develop the knowledge, appreciations, skills and attitudes necessary for living in in a changing world [and] to defend democracy against the threat of totalitarianism” (Smith, 2002, p. 289). • We must read to defend the U.S.!

  3. Pressures Following the Flight of Sputnik • The Russian orbiter prompted a “thundering public demand for education” (p. 290). • Reading was deemed essential in raising one’s level of education. • The criticism levied by laymen against reading instruction did have three positive effects: • Methods were examined in more depth. • Parents and other concerned members of society get more involved. • Research, along with the psychology and philosophy upon which it was based, received more attention.

  4. The Impetus of Government Support • “President John F. Kennedy took an unprecedented interest in education and asked Congress to approve larger amounts of money to promote education” (p. 291). • President Johnson declared war on poverty. • Most of the one fifth of the U.S. population living in poverty were “functionally illiterate,” et cetera (p. 292). • Job training centers educated those who were out of school and out of work.

  5. The Impetus of Government Support (Continued) • Education was viewed in socioeconomic

  6. Reading Objectives and Courses of Study

  7. Professional Books on Reading

  8. Materials Provided in Basal Reading Programs

  9. Materials Provided in Basal Reading Programs (Continued)

  10. Methods of Teaching as Advocated in Basal Reading Programs

  11. Reading Instruction at High School, College, and Adults Levels

  12. The Individualized Approach

  13. Reading Programs That Include Different Ethnic Groups

  14. The Linguistic Approach

  15. Reading Programs Using the Pitman Augmented Roman Alphabet

  16. Programmed Learning in Reading

  17. Reading Research Grows in Quantity and Quality

  18. Interests in Reading Disability Continues and Expands

  19. The Outloook for Reading Specialization and Teacher Preparation Is Optimistic