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Understanding the Causes and Impacts of the Civil War

Explore the economic, social, and political differences that led to the Civil War, including the election of 1860, secession, and the ensuing challenges and changes in America. Learn about the political, economic, and social transformations during the war, such as the conscription, income tax, emancipation proclamation, and the 13th Amendment. Delve into the era of Reconstruction post-Civil War, focusing on the integration of newly freed African Americans and the readmission of Confederate states to the United States.

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Understanding the Causes and Impacts of the Civil War

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  1. Introduction to: The Civil War and Reconstruction

  2. Causes of the Civil War: • Economic Differences - Northern economy was industrialized - Southern economy was based on agricultural (and dependent upon slave labor) • Social Differences - North had public schools, outlawed slavery, more rights for women - South had private schools, over 50% of the population were slaves, patriarchal society • Political Differences - as our borders expanded, people felt more loyalty to their state over the nation as a whole - emergence of new political parties, defined by region - Southerners generally believed in need for more states’ rights

  3. Election of 1860 • Lincoln’s name did not even appear on most ballots in the South • Lincoln won without a single electoral vote from the South and with only 39% of the popular vote Lower South Secedes

  4. Lower South Secedes • Outraged President could win without any Southern electoral votes • Supporters of slavery encouraged the withdrawal (secession) from the Union • S. Carolina led the way and 6 other states followed • In February 1861 they created a new country, the Confederate States of America • Jefferson Davis was elected President of the South LOWER SOUTH IN RED

  5. Civil War Brings: 1861 - 1865 Change & Challenges • Political • Economic • Social

  6. Political Change • Conscriptionboth North & South issued a draft • Income TaxNorth instituted Nation’s first income tax to pay for war • Suspension of writ of habeas corpusBoth sides limited civil rights during war The Civil War increased the power of the Federal Government

  7. Economic Change • Northern economyprospered with the demand for more goods during the war • Southern economy was destroyed (much of the land was destroyed & slave labor was ended) The Civil War further divided the economies of the North & South

  8. Social Change • Almost as many deaths from Civil War as from EVERY other American war COMBINED! (Over 600,000 – about 2% of population) • Emancipation Proclamation“Freed” slaves in the Confederacy giving the war a moral purpose • 13th AmendmentFormally ended slavery throughout the United States

  9. Reconstruction 1865 - 1867 The era of rebuilding following the Civil War • After the Civil War we had to determine: • How to integrate 4 million newly freed African Americans into national life • The process on how to re-admit the defeated Confederate states to the U.S.

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