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British history

VY_32_INOVACE_14-18. British history. Celts Romans Anglo Saxons Normans. Celts and Romans. P re-Celtic period ( before 800 B.C.): preserved monuments … Celtic invasion: from 8 th century B.C . in three waves:

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British history

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  1. VY_32_INOVACE_14-18 British history Celts Romans AngloSaxons Normans

  2. Celts and Romans • Pre-Celtic period (before 800 B.C.): • preserved monuments… • Celtic invasion: • from 8th century B.C. • in three waves: • Gaels (Ireland, Scotland), Britons (Engl. ,Wal.,Scot.), Belgae (Kent, s.-east Engl.)iron age begins, villages, towns are built………flourishing • Celtic language  • Roman invasion: • from 1st century B.C. until 5th century A.D. • 55 B.C. G. Julius Caesar – defeated by British • 43 A.D. – emperor Claudius: resisted…..revolts (Boudicca`s) • 128 A.D. – Hadrian`s Wall • Britannia – Roman`s province • towns, roads built, London/Londonium – important center and harbour London Bridge/, palaces, baths, temples • Christianity • Latin

  3. Bath Hadrian`s Wall Autor: Glen Bowman, Název: HadriansWall 03.jpg Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hadrians_Wall_03.jpg Autor: Andrew Bunn, Název:Roman Baths, Bath.jpg Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Baths,_Bath.jpg

  4. Anglo-Saxons and Vikings • Anglo-Saxon invasion: • Germanic tribes - from 5th cent. until 11th century • Angles, Saxons, Jutes – cruel, burning villages… • revolts /king Arthur`s legends/ • farmers, towns did NOT develop • burnt villages • language influence • Viking invasion • from 8th until 11th century /Danes, Norsemen/ • seamen, good warriors and traders…revolt Alfred the Great…Danes defeated • Englishliterature has started, schools founded • Winchester the capital • from tribal to feudal society, Danish king – Canute united Saxons and Danes = Viking Empire / Denmark, Norway/ 

  5. Viking invasions Autor: Bogdangiusca, Název: Vikings-Voyages.png Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vikings-Voyages.png#file

  6. Normans • Edward III the Confessor- importance of London, W. Abbey founded– London the most important city Norman invasion - Norman Conquest 1066 • William the Conqueror –(1087-1100, French) defeated Harold II (English) • battle of Hastings– 1066 ( last Anglo-Saxon king) • succesful invasion by French speaking Normans, coronation in Westm. Abbey • all A.-Saxon land confiscated  barons, higher position of noblemen • strong feudalism established(king´s power) • built: Tower of London + castles • Domesday Book – 1086, administration (sheriffs, free law, no church influence • language: French, Latin, English simplified – no cases or genders

  7. William the Conqueror Autor: Neznámý, Název: William theconqueror.jpg Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_the_conqueror.jpg

  8. Norman kings and policy • Henry I, Stephen • House of Plantagenets: • Henry II(1154- 1189) • inherited a French empire • reforms, Thomas Becket – Archbishop of Canterbury – church courts - assassination 1170 • Richard I – Lion Heart • John Lackland– lost Normandy • Magna Carta 1215 • Edward I • regain a king´s power, wool – taxes – barons, bishops = H. of Lords = Parliament rebellions with Scotts (Will. Wallace, Rob. Bruce) • Edward II, Edward III • Hundred Years´War

  9. Hundred Years´War 1337 - 1453 • England versus France • English was winning in the beginning • Crécy 1346 • 1348 black death • 1415 Agincourt • 1428 Joan of Arc • 1453 Chantillion • results: • En.- Fr. disaster • En.lost French posssesions • English language was strengthen – schools, courts, parliament

  10. War of Roses 1453 - 1485 • House of York • ( white rose, better position by the king Henry IV) versus • House of Lancaster • ( red rose, better claim) • brutal war • results: • battle of Bosworth - Richard III killed • Henry VII married the Princess of Yorkpeace • beginning of TUDOR DYNASTY

  11. Thank you for your attention. Autor DUM: Mgr. Darina Sikorová

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