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An Opportunity for Minnesota

BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the Potential Role of Forests. An Opportunity for Minnesota. BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the Potential Role of Forests. Current energy trends.

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An Opportunity for Minnesota

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  1. BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the Potential Role of Forests An Opportunity for Minnesota

  2. BioEnergy and BioChemicals Development and the Potential Role of Forests • Current energy trends. • Bio-energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. • Minnesota’s bio-energy potential. • Bio-energy in an integrated bio-economy. • Public policy considerations in bio-energy/ bio-chemicals development.

  3. Current Energy Trends

  4. U.S. energy consumption and imports are rising.

  5. US Energy Production, Consumption, and Imports, 1960 - 2030 (Quadrillion Btu) 32% Net Imports Consumption 30% Production Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.

  6. U.S. Petroleum Supply, Consumption, and Imports, 1970-2030(million barrels per day) Consumption 72% Net imports 60% Production Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.

  7. U.S. Natural Gas Production, Consumption, and Net Imports, 1960-2030(trillion cubic feet) Consumption Net Imports 21% 16% Production Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook, 2006.

  8. U.S. Trade Deficit, Energy Products, 1974 - 2006 Billion Dollars Year Source: USDOE, Energy Information Administration, 2006.

  9. Global energy consumption is increasing rapidly.

  10. World Energy Consumption, 1970-2030 History Projections Quadrillion Btu Source: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA 2006.

  11. China Petroleum Net Imports, 1993-2030 Barrels/Day YearAverage Daily Imports 1990 Net exporter 1995 240,000 2006 (est.) 3,600,000 2030 (est.) 10,900,000 Source: Energy Information Administration, 2006 and Congressional Budget Office, 2006.

  12. Peak production of petroleum globally is within sight.

  13. World Petroleum Consumption 1800 - 2100

  14. Consensus is Emerging that Peak Petroleum Production in in Sight OECD International Energy Agency 2010-2020 World Resources Institute 2007-2014 J. Edwards, Colo. School of Mines 2020 U.S. Department of Energy 2037

  15. Different Interpretations of a Hypothetical 6,000 Billion Barrel World Original Oil-in-Place Resource Base

  16. Bio-Energy as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels

  17. Bio-Fuels Are Environmentally Attractive O2 CO2 Plants Sugars CO2 Energy No net CO2 produced in the cycle.

  18. There are also a number of potential sources of bio-energy.

  19. Forms of Bio-Energy Resources • Wood • Pulping liquor • Municipal solid waste • Organic materials in wastewater • Landfill gas • Biomass

  20. Potential Sources of Biomass Energy • Energy crops • Agricultural crop residues • Forest biomass • Logging residues • Thinnings • Corn (ethanol)

  21. Potential supplies of biomass are much greater than those now used for energy generation.

  22. A recent report from the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energy suggests the annual availability of over 1.3 billion dry tons of biomass in the United States. Source: Perlack et al. (2005).

  23. Estimated Potential Biomass by Source – United States Source: Perlack et al. (2005).

  24. There are a number of options for utilizing biomass as an energy source.

  25. BioMass Derived Fuels • Ethanol • Biodiesel • Synthesis gas (syngas) • Replacement for fossil fuels in electricity generation • Pelletized fuels • Source of steam generation for district heating • Hydrogen

  26. Minnesota’s Bio-Energy Potential

  27. Renewable Energy Produced in Minnesota in 2005(values in billion Btu equivalents) Firewood Hydropower Ethanol Biodiesel Derived from Jordan and Taff (2005), and for firewood from Mouelle et. al. (2003).

  28. Profile of Renewable Electricity Production in Minnesota, 2005 Wind Non-renewable Renewable Biomass Hydro RDF Non-renewables – 50,100,000 MWh Renewables - 6,200,000 MWh 56,300,000 MWh Other Source: Minnesota Department of Commerce (2005).

  29. Minnesota has significant opportunity for further development of bio-energy.

  30. Biomass Resources in Minnesota by Three Studies Source: NREL (2005)

  31. Ethanol Production Potential

  32. Ethanol Production in the United States, 1980-2006 Source: Renewable Fuels Association (2006). (2006 est.)

  33. The corn ethanol industry in the U.S. reached a production capacity of over 6 billion gallons annually in 2006.

  34. Potential annual production of ethanol in the U.S. is estimated at 50 billion gallons. To put this in perspective, gasoline consumption in the U.S. in 2006 was 140 billion gallons.

  35. Geographic Location of U.S. Ethanol Production Facilities, 2006 Source: Renewable Fuels Association, 2007. (http://www.ethanolrfa.org/objects/documents/plantmap_040307.pdf)

  36. Ethanol Production and Consumption in Minnesota 1990-2006 Source: Minnesota Department of Commerce (2007).

  37. Geographic Location of U.S. Biodiesel Production Facilities, 2006 Source: National Biodiesel Board, 2007. (http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/producers_marketers/ProducersMap-Existing.pdf)

  38. Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study* and NREL Near-Term Conversion Factors Walsh et al. 1999.

  39. Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study* and NREL Near-Term Conversion Factors In 2006, Minnesota produced 550 million gallons of ethanol from corn. Production nationwide was 6.0 billion gallons. Walsh et al. 1999.

  40. Ethanol Production Potential from Minnesota Biomass, Based on ONRL 1999 Study* and NREL Near-Term Conversion Factors To put these numbers in perspective, gasoline consumption in Minnesota in 2006 was 2.7 billion gallons. Walsh et al. 1999.

  41. Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a Vehicle Fuel Tank Source: Oregon Department of Energy, 2005. (http://egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum.shtml)

  42. Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a Vehicle Fuel Tank Source: Oregon Department of Energy, 2005. (http://egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum.shtml)

  43. Energy Required to Deliver 1,000,000 Btu to a Vehicle Fuel Tank Source: Oregon Department of Energy, 2005. (http://egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/forum.shtml)

  44. Electric Generating Potential

  45. Power Potential from Minnesota Biomass To put these numbers in perspective, Minnesota electricity capacity in 2005 was 56,300,000 MWh Source: NREL (2005)

  46. Potential Power Obtainable from Minnesota’s Plant-Based Bio-Resources, Based on ONRL 1999 Study and NREL Conversion Factors Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.

  47. Bio-Energy in an Integrated Bio-Economy

  48. A singular focus on bio-energy might be a mistake.

  49. A Myriad of Chemicals are Derived from Petroleum 0.3 gal. What is in a barrel of oil? 0.2 gal. 0.5 gal. 1.8 gal. 1.9 gal. 1.2 gal. 1.9 gal. 1.3 gal. 2.3 gal. 4.1 gal. 9.2 gal. Source: API. Totals more than 44 gals. Because of “processing gain.” 19.5 gal.

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