Resurgence of Conservatism

1. Resurgence of Conservatism Chapter 22

2. Social Concerns in the 1980s

3. Health, Education and Cities in Crisis • One of the most troubling issues was AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • Ways to contract the disease • Transfer of bodily fluids • Sharing needles • unsafe sex • Blood transfusions

4. AIDS • Why was Earvin Johnson (Magic Johnson) important to AIDS? • Famous NBA basketball player contracted HIV and became the face of Aids awareness

5. Abortion • Had been legal since 1973 • Pro-Life movement grew throughout the 1980s

6. Drug Abuse • Reagan Administration launched a war on drugs • Supported moves to prosecute users as well as dealers • “Just Say No” campaign – Nancy Reagan

7. Drunk Driving • Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) • Founded to stop underage drinking and driving

8. Education • American students lagged behind students of industrialized nations • 23 million could not fill out a job application • What were some of the proposed solutions? • More homework, longer school days and longer school year

9. The Urban Crisis • Crisis in education closely connected to crisis in the cities • 1970s the US became increasingly suburbanized • More families responded to lure of the suburbs • Poor people and racial minorities left in the cities • Divided into wealth and poor neighborhoods

10. The Urban Crisis • Police raided nightclub because of sexual orientation • Led to an uprising of gays and lesbians • Gay Liberation Front organized • What was the name of the riot? • 1969 Stonewall Riot

11. Foreign Policy After the Cold War

12. The Cold War Ends • March 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the secretary of the Communist party in the Soviet Union • Ushered in new era in the USSR

13. Gorbachev Initiates Reform • He allowed open criticism of the government and reforms • Glasnost= openness in discussing social problems • Perestroika= Restructuring of Russian Economy

14. Gorbachev Initiates Reform • As Reagan built up US military • Gorbachev knew the USSR could not keep up • Offered to reduce the Soviet military • INF treaty 1987 began the reduction of weapon systems

15. The Soviet Union Declines • Gorbachev introduced democratic ideals and the Soviet military became less feared • Many Soviet republics declared their independence • Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president Boris Yeltsin took over • When did Yeltsin and Busch declare the Cold War was over? • February 1987

16. The Collapse of the Communist Regime • Impoverished Soviet Union could not support unpopular regimes in Eastern European satellite nations • November 9, 1989 East Germany opened the Berlin Wall • Allowed free passage for the first time in 28 years

17. The Collapse of Communist Regimes • Which Soviet satellite, when freed, had a lot of ethnic problems? • Yugoslavia

18. Communism Continues in China • Early 1980s reform began in China • Communist government loosened grip on business • Eliminated some price controls

19. Communism Continues in China • In April 1989, university students hold pro-democracy marches in Beijing's Tiananmen Square • How did the government react to this? • The Chinese government ordered the military to crush the protestors

20. Central America and the Caribbean Policy • US opposed socialists government in these regions • Nicaragua • Between 1977-79 there was a civil war • US supported Somaza government and the Sandinistas (communist backed) won • Reagan supported the Contras to overthrow the Sandinista government

21. Grenada • Reagan sent 2000 US troops to overthrow pro-Cuban government • Also protect US students on the island (big success)

22. Panama • 1989 President Bush sent 20,000 soldiers and marines to overthrow and arrest General Manuel Noriega • Why? • Noreiga was helping drug smugglers get illegal drugs into the US

23. Middle East Trouble Spots • The Iran-Contra Scandal • 1983 terrorists groups loyal to Iran took a number of US hostages in Lebanon • Reagan said he would never deal with terrorists • What were the three parts of the scandal? • Sales to Iran • Iran get US hostages freed • Money from sale to the Contras

24. Middle East Trouble Spots • Summer of 1987 special committee of both houses of Congress conducts an inquiry • Colonel Oliver North (member of national Security Council) give testimony, but not against Reagan

25. Persian Gulf War • August 2, 1990 Iraqi troops invade Kuwait and threaten Saudi Arabia • With support of Congress President Bush launched Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait • There was a six week air war followed by a 100 hour ground war

26. Bush’s Domestic Policy • Despite great achievements inn the Persian Gulf, Bush not successful on home front • Billionaire from Texas ran as an independent, stressed need to end deficit spending • H. Ross Perot

27. Bush’s Domestic Policy • What two chances hurt his chances for reelection? • Economic Recession • Broken promise of not raising taxes

28. Election of 1992 • Bill Clinton wins the election with 43% of the vote and Democrats keep control of Congress • Bush 37%, Ross Perot 19%, most since 1912 • First president born after World War II • First person of the Baby Boom generation • His task to revive the economy and guide US in rapidly changing world