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Atom: Subatomic Particles and Isotopes

Learn about relative charge and mass of subatomic particles, atomic number, isotopes, and ions. Discover how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in different elements.

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Atom: Subatomic Particles and Isotopes

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  1. The Atom & Subatomic Particles

  2. Relative Charge Relative Mass electron 0e -1 0.0005486 amu (or 0 amu) -1 proton 1p or 1H +1 1.0073 amu (or 1 amu) 1 1 neutron 1n 0 1.0087 amu (or 1 amu) 0 What we knew by 1932:

  3. Location of Subatomic Particles • electrons located outside nucleus • protons & neutrons located inside nucleus

  4. atomic number: = size of nuclear charge = number of protons in nucleus • determines identity of element • gives order to PT • For neutral atoms: atomic number = # protons = # electrons Atomic Number

  5. = # protons + # neutrons Mass Number

  6. atoms of same element can have different mass numbers • # protons must be the same so … # neutrons must be different Isotopes

  7. Dalton’s theory must be modified: • the atom is divisible presence of subatomic particles • atoms of same element can be different isotopes have different # neutrons

  8. 12C Notation 6 • left superscript is mass number • left subscript is atomic number

  9. 12 = # protons + neutrons 6 = # protons 12C Notation 6 How many neutrons in this atom? 12 – 6 = 6 neutrons

  10. 17 8 17 – 8 8 Mass number is ? Atomic number is ? # of neutrons is ? # of electrons in atom is? 17O 8 = 9

  11. 15 N 15 7 7 15 – 7 7 Mass number is ? Atomic number is ? # of neutrons is ? # of electrons in atom is? = 8

  12. F 19 9 19 – 9 = 10 9 19 Mass number is ? Atomic number is ? # of neutrons is ? # of electrons in atom is?

  13. C-12 # after symbol is mass number! • must look up atomic number Other Notations

  14. All H’s have 1 proton What’s the difference between H-1, H-2, and H-3? H-1: mass # = 1 0 • 1 proton, ? neutrons H-2: mass # = 2 1 • 1 proton, so it must have ? neutrons H-3: mass # = 3 2 1 proton, so it must have ? neutrons

  15. 92 • What’s the atomic number of U? • How many protons in U? • How many neutrons in U-234? • How many neutrons in U-235? • How many neutrons in U-238? • How many electrons in U? Consider U-234, U-235, & U-238 92 234 – 92 = 142 235 – 92 = 143 238 – 92 = 146 92

  16. 84 • What’s the atomic number? • How many protons? • So the neutrons are … How many neutrons in Po-217? 84 217 – 84 = 133 neutrons!

  17. IONS = atoms that gained or lost electrons • protons and electrons aren't = anymore, so ions are not neutral they carry a charge (+/-) IONS

  18. Charge of ion: = # protons minus # electrons (subtract the electrons since are negative) IONS

  19. positive negative • If atom loses electrons, it has more (+) protons than (-) electrons • What kind of ion is it? • If atom gains electrons, it has more (-) electrons than (+) protons • What kind of ion is it? IONS

  20. Ion charge: right superscript Cl-1 a chloride ion with a charge of -1 Na+1 a sodium ion with a charge of +1 O-2 an oxygen ion with a charge of -2 If no right superscript, it’s understood to be zero and therefore a neutral atom Charge of Ions

  21. Got 2 e- Lost 1 e- Got 1 e- 19F-1 9 1 16 p, 18 n, 18 e 9 p, 10 n, 10 e 11 p, 12 n, 10 e Lost 2 e- Got 3 e- Lost 2 e- 7 7 p, 6 n, 10 e 30 p, 34 n, 28 e • How many protons, neutrons, & electrons in each of the following 23Na+1 Putting it all together 34S-2 16 13N-3 64Zn+2 25Mg+2 12 30 12 p, 13 n, 10 e

  22. atomic mass unit amu  1/12 the mass of the C-12 atom What is an amu?

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