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The Rise of Athens and Sparta: Governance, Warfare, and Mythology in Ancient Greece

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This overview explores the contrasting societies of Athens and Sparta during the Warring States period. In Sparta, a dual kingship fostered a culture focused on military might and rigorous training for boys, while women enjoyed greater rights than in many other Greek societies. Athens, characterized by Solon’s and Cleisthenes’ reforms, advanced democracy and reduced slavery, granting more political access to citizens. Both city-states revered Greek mythology, believing in various gods like Zeus and Athena, while engaging in significant historical events such as the Persian Wars.

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The Rise of Athens and Sparta: Governance, Warfare, and Mythology in Ancient Greece

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  1. Warring States

  2. Sparta • Helots- slaves used for war & work • Government- 2 Kings • War • Matters at home

  3. Sparta • Boys trained to be soldiers • Women had more rights than anywhere else

  4. Athens • Solon’s Reforms • Constitutional Reform- Democracy- government by the people • Opened high office to more citizens • Moral reform- Outlawed slavery • Economic reform

  5. athens • Pisitratus (540 BC) - improve economy • Clisthenes (501 BC) • founded Council of 500 but had limitations

  6. Athens • Women – had few rights, performed household duties • d. Education was main focus

  7. Similarities between Athens and Sparta • Religion • Polytheistic • Believed in Greek gods and goddesses

  8. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • King of the gods • Ruler of Mount Olympus • Lightning bolts ZEUS

  9. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • Queen of marriage, women, childbirth • Wife of Zeus Hera

  10. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • Goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite

  11. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes • Brother to Zeus & Hades • Holds Trident Poseidon

  12. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • King of the Underworld • God of the Dead • Brother of Zeus and Poseidon Hades

  13. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • God of music, healing, plague, prophecies, poetry, archery • Associated with light, truth, sun • Son of Zeus and Hera Apollo

  14. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • Goddess of wisdom, warfare, reason Athena

  15. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • God of war, bloodlust, violence, courage • Son of Zeus and Hera Ares

  16. Quick Greek Mythology Trivia • Messenger of the gods • Guide to the underworld • Flying shoes Hermes

  17. Trade Expands • Exports: wine, marble, olive oil

  18. Olympics • Contests of sports, music, and literature

  19. King Darius 492 BC • Persian Wars • Persian army invades Greece • Wins many battles • Marathon • The Athenians, although outnumbered, defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon

  20. Renewed attacks • Thermopylae • led by 300 Spartans • Bought time for other city-states to prepare • Athenians and Spartans joined forces to defeat the Persians

  21. Results • Athens dominates Greece • DelianLeague: alliance between Athens and other Greek city-states, in which they assumed complete control

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