1. Teaching Grammar

2. Principles for grammar learning • Grammatical accuracy and precision are important • Form focused instruction is very important. • Meaning is as important as accuracy and precision • Teaching process should be able to help children attend to features of grammar and then to form and finally to their internal grammar resources ready for use in any given situation

3. Children have to learn to use grammar in real communication and participation • Error made by children can be useful information for the teacher • The younger the children, the less necessary it is to teach grammar explicitly

4. Some techniques for teaching grammar • Routines ( the daily classroom English used by teacher and students) • The language of classroom management (the language of classroom management can act as a meaningful context where certain grammar pattern arises (e.g. give out the scissors, books, pens etc. ; collect the small scissors, big books etc.)

5. Talking with children (conversations with children can be powerful language development. If children are talking in L1 the teacher should keeps talking in English so that children can attend to form.) • Noticing activities (using grid and story line (The croc and a squirrel) is very helpful to help children attend to form, but it must be supported with pictures) • Questionnaires, surveys and quizzes (fun and joy are important, but teacher must prepare and rehearse the questions in order to ensure that the accuracy and precision is formed)

6. Information gap activities (without looking each other, students pretend to talk by phone) • Helping hands • Drills and chants ( offer language and involvement support for children to practize new language)