Grant Writing and Proposal Development: Getting Started Savannah State University

1. Grant Writing and Proposal Development: Getting StartedSavannah State University Brenda D. Hayes, MSW, MPH, DSW Research Assistant Prof., CHPM & Director, Grant and Proposal Development Office of Sponsored Research Administration Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta, GA September 1, 2011

2. Workshop Objectives By the end of the session, participants will: • Be better positioned to initiate, develop and critique their proposals/grant applications • Know the difference between FINER, SMART, and GNOME mnemonics • Understand the important connections between well defined questions, hypotheses, goals, aims/objectives and the methodology or approach. • Have some ideas about ways to evaluate the projects Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

3. In Language, clarity is everything. -Confucius Chinese philosopher 551-479 BCE Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

4. FAQs • What do all of those abbreviations (RFP, RFA, CFP, RFI, FOA, NGA, NOFA, etc.) mean? • When should I start? • Where do I look for funding? • Are there better or best times to search for FOAs? Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

5. More FAQ: • How can I write a proposal or build a team when I spend all of my time doing _____? • Where can I find examples of successful grants? • I don’t know anything about budgets, so who will help me? • Where can I get some help? Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

6. Before you write a word: • Conduct a personal assessment of your readiness, capability and eligibility to apply for grant funding • Assess, update and determine if your literature review and your ideas are comprehensive and timely • Assemble your team • Develop a time line Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

7. Successful Applications • Direct, concise, compelling, convincing, capable and resourceful • Addresses a significant/important problem • Explicit goals, measurable objectives • Comprehensive but succinct background review • Methodology fits the problem • Appropriate funding mechanism Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

8. Unsuccessful Applications • Failure to follow directions • Lack of new or original ideas • Diffuse, superficial or unfocused research; lack of clearly stated hypothesis and rationale • Lack of an overall research goal; uncertainty about future directions • Lack of knowledge of relevant literature • Questionable reasoning in design • Lack of demonstrated experience in methodology (lacks details) • Format issues • Over-ambitious Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

9. Getting Started • What do you wish to achieve? • What specific activities/services? • Capability and Assets • Previous Record • Collaborators and Partners • Evaluation • Goals • Objectives • Methodology • Organizational History • Network • Results oriented • Evidence of Impact Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

10. Proposal Teamwork Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

11. Goals of the Organization Initial Project Idea Assessing Capability Assessing Need For the Idea Identifying Alternative Approaches Planning Proposal Writing Writing the Proposal Submitting the Proposal DEVELOPING THE IDEA MODEL FOR PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT Gathering Necessary Data Building Support & Involvement Selecting Funding Source This handout taken from Getting Funded: A Complete Guide To Proposal Writing by Mary Hill, 1998. Available from Continuing Education Publication, P.O. Box 1491, Portland, OR 97207 Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

12. Developing Your Idea(s) • Needs Assessment • Evidence of the problem • Local, county, state, national • Capability Assessment • Organizational • People • Past and present history • Resources (Funds, expertise, etc.) Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

13. Develop Your Research Question • F= Is it Feasible? • I = Is it interesting? • N = Is it Novel? • E = Is it Ethical? • R = Is it Realistic?* Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

14. If this is a non-research proposal, then • G = Goals • N = Needs • O = Objectives • M = Methods • E = Evaluation Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

15. Proposal Development and Grant Seeking Overview • Plan the Proposal • Write the Proposal • Design the Evaluation • Develop the Budget • Identify Potential Funding Sources • Revise as necessary • Submit the Proposal • Follow-Up Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

16. Private Proposal Development Template Project/Program • Organizational history • Population Demographics • Sites ? • Program areas Idea • Analogies • Facts • Statistics • Experience • Expert • Example • Staff time • Collaborators/Partners • Small Grants or Pilot Funds? • Training? History/Background • Service/Training Opps with other orgs • Previous partnerships • Community Based Research • Development Projects? Need • One page executive summary on the need for project, competencies to address the need, timetable for completion and funding request Action Statement • Prepared by Program or Organizational Staff • Includes specific funding request and justification for the amount, include in kind amounts and other leveraged (or existing) funding, shared portion of the budget? Summary Morehouse School of Medicine:

17. Grants Language: Vocabulary • Objectives can be • Process/Formative • Outcomes/Impact/Summative • SMART is an acronym (mnemonic) • Specific • Measurable • Achievable • Realistic • Timely Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

18. Proposal (Exec.) Summary or Letter Of Intent (LOI) • At the Beginning of the Proposal • 1 Sentence on Credibility • 1 Sentence on Problem • 1 Sentence on Objectives • 1 Sentence on Methods • Funds: Requested or On Hand • Should be: Brief, specific and to the point • This can also fit an “abstract” Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

19. Proposal Introduction • Identifies the Grant Applicant • States the Purpose and/or Goal • Describes Your Programs • Describes Your Clients, Target Population, Focus • States Your Achievements • Establishes Your Credibility • Documents Credibility • Keep it Brief Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

20. Background and Significance • Did I provide sufficient background information to set the stage? • Does my review reflect a thorough understanding of the field or area? • Are there gaps in knowledge? • Is the proposed work innovative? • Will it increase knowledge? • Is the proposal novel? Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

21. Theoretical Considerations • Basic Sciences • Biomedical Approaches • Clinical and Translational Approaches • Public Health • Health Belief Models • Trans-theoretical • Behavioral Sciences • Bio-Psychosocial • Social Ecological Approaches • Social Determinants of Health Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

22. A Social-Ecological Framework: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

23. Bio-Psycho-Social Theories Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

24. Methodology • Do you have any preliminary data? • Must include details about specific activities • One or More activity for Each Objective • Specify • Who will do them • When they will be done • How will they be accomplished • How long will each activity take or occur Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

25. Measurement • Should Be in Terms of Data Used To Establish Need • Select Objectives That Show Project Influenced the Same Measures • need -- poor reading performance • objective -- should not relate to attendance but to reading performance Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

26. Activities: (Experiments, interventions, etc.) • Explanations about how the project will reach the stated objectives • Necessary to the Success of the Project • Undertake Only Those That Will Move the Project Toward Realization of the Objectives • Fully Describe all of the activities in the Proposal Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

27. EVALUATION Can reflect: • Structure • Process • Outcomes • Impact • A platform or partnership for the next project Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

28. EVALUATION • Include an evaluation plan • Specifically discuss what you intend to deliver, based on your objectives • There should be some measurement involved, e.g., number of participants served, brochures developed, contacts made, presentations given, etc. • It is ok to include an evaluator but…. Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

29. Results and Conclusions • Make sure that there is a consistent and coherent flow • Consider where you started • Is the theory you suggested evident in your conclusions? • Did you identify any constraints or limitations? • What are the next steps? Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

30. General Tips and Comments • Take sufficient time to prepare a good abstract, LOI, or concept paper • Avoid jargon and acronyms • Always include a budget and budget justification • Be careful when you cut and paste: assure uniformity of font size and type Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

31. More tips… • You must reflect an adequate and comprehensive literature review, use relevant and current references and citations • Make sure that the expected study outcome (s) fit the design, e.g., looking for a change in behavior based on a retrospective chart analysis, causation, associations, etc. • Background and significance vs. preliminary studies ??? Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

32. Some proposals faculty could consider: (ENHANCEMENT PROPOSALS) • Student Access and Success • Curricula Revisions and Workforce Development • Partnerships • Technology and Distance Education • Professional Development Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

33. Add student researchers: • Include them in your budget • Provide them with mentoring • Models for student success (alums?) • NSF, RIMI, MARC, etc. • Explore other ways to include students in your research efforts Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

34. And So We Begin Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do. -Goethe Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

35. References • John W. Cresswell.  Research Design:  Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.  Thousand Oaks, Calif.:  Sage Publications, 1994 • Arlene Fink.  Conducting Research Literature Reviews:  From Paper to the Internet.  Thousand Oaks, Calif.:  Sage Publications, 1998. • William Gerin (Ed.) Writing the NIH Grant Proposal: a Step-By-Step Guide (2nd Ed.) Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2011.   • Lawrence F. Locke, Waneen Wyrick Spirduso and Stephen J. Silverman. Proposals that Work:  A Guide for Planning Dissertations and Grant Proposals. (4th Ed.) Thousand Oaks, Calif.:  Sage Publications, 2000. • Jeremy T. Miner and Lynn E. Miner. Models of Proposal Planning & Writing. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2005. • Writing Grant Proposals That Win. Edited by Deborah Ward. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006. • Otto O. Yang. Guide to Effective Grant Writing: How to Write an Effective NIH Grant Application New York, N.Y.: Springer Science & Business Media, Inc., 2005 Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

36. References • Hayes, Brenda D. Grant Writing for Community-Based Health Disparities Research and Services: The Role of Academic /Community Partnerships. In: Wallace, B.C.(editor) Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co., 2008. • Ockene JK, Edgerton EA, Teutsch SM, Marion LN, Miller T, Genevro JL, Loveland-Cherry CJ, Fielding JE, Briss PA. Integrating evidence-based clinical and community strategies to improve health. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:244-252. • Lusk, S.L. Developing an Outstanding Grant Application. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2004; 26(3), 367-373. Morehouse School of Medicine 2011

37. Master of Public Health Program • NyThea Campbell Tolbert, MPH Academic Support Specialist Phone: 404-752-1957 Fax: 404-752-1051 Email: ntolbert@msm.edu

38. Graduate Education in Biomedical Sciences Programs Ph.D. in Biomedical SciencesM.S. in Biomedical ResearchM.S. in Biomedical TechnologyM.S. in Clinical Research (Jali@msm.edu)Post baccalaureate Certificate in Biomedical Science Contact for program information: Douglas F. Paulsen, Ph.D. Associate Dean for Graduate Studies dpaulsen@msm.edu

39. Thank You! Questions and Comments