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The Roaring 20s: Urban Development, Prohibition, and the Clash of Ideas

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11 diapositives · 251 Views · Jul 24, 2014

The 1920s marked a monumental shift as over 2 million Americans moved to cities annually, with New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia leading the way. City dwellers embraced liberal behaviors such as casual dating, smoking in public, and drinking, despite the constraints of Prohibition imposed by the 18th Amendment. This era produced significant tension between urban and rural values, highlighted by events like the Scopes Trial, where science collided with fundamentalism. The failure of Prohibition illustrated the challenges of enforcing morality through legislation, prompting reflection on contemporary issues of personal freedoms and government influence on education.

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  1. The Roaring 20’s It was the Cat’s Pajamas Or the Bee’s Knees

  2. Urban Development • From 1920 on more than 2 million Americans a year were moving to the cities. New York had over 5 million, Chicago 3 and Philadelphia 2 • Behaviors differed between these two groups. • City dwellers were often more liberal • Casual Dating • Smoking in public • Drinking • Gambling • More scientific

  3. Prohibition • 18th Amendment to the US Constitution banned the manufacture and distribution of alcoholic beverages • Anti-Saloon League • WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union) • One famous evangelist, Billy Sunday said this about Prohibition • “The reign of tears is over! The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright, women will smile and children will laugh. Hell will be forever for rent!”

  4. Prohibition • Was this a good idea? In your notes make two columns and on one side pros and the other cons. Take the next 5 minutes and write down your opinion on this issue. What similar situations are we discussing today in the US that mimic this issue?

  5. Prohibition • Volstead Act was established in 1919 and was supposed to provide financial support to back the enforcement of Prohibition but failed • Consumption of Alcohol increased during Prohibition • Speakeasies-sold it illegally • Bootleggers- manufactured alcohol • Increased organized crime like Al Capone

  6. Al Capone • Demonstrated that the Govt. had no power to enforce the Amendment • Killed off his competition • Netted 60 million a year in the 1920’s!! • The “Big Fellow” • Ran 10,000 Speakeasies • EC story---

  7. Prohibition ends • Eventually, the government repealed the 18th Amendment with the 21st amendment in 1933 • Decided to place laws to limit who could drink and how much

  8. Science and Religion • Rural towns promoted an idea of Fundamentalism • Claimed that all important knowledge came from Bible • Skeptical of science and its usefulness • Bible should be taken literally • Evangelists like Billy Sunday (baseball player turned evangelist) • Based in the South and West

  9. The Scopes Trial • March of 1925 in Tennessee a law was passed that made it a crime to teach the theory of evolution as explained by Charles Darwin in public schools! • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) promised to defend any teacher who challenged the law. • In Dayton, TN John T Scopes taught the new science in his Biology class

  10. Darrow vs. Bryan • Clarence Darrow defended Scopes • William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor • Bryan called on as expert on the Bible • Ussher’s calculation of 4004BC creation • 6 day creation of 24 hours? • Scopes lost and pays a 100 dollar fine but more people began to questions the traditional ways.

  11. Scopes Today • Should the government be able to determine what you can and can’t learn today? Take the next five minutes and write about your opinion on this topic. When would it be ok or not?