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Introductory Questions

Introductory Questions. Unit 4: Evolution (Ch. 22-26). Introductory Questions #1. Why is evolution such a controversial subject? Name the key founders (original people) for the idea evolution.

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Introductory Questions

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  1. Introductory Questions Unit 4: Evolution (Ch. 22-26)

  2. Introductory Questions #1 Why is evolution such a controversial subject? Name the key founders (original people) for the idea evolution. Name four major pieces of evidence that Darwin considered in formulating his theory of natural selection. Name three people that influenced Darwin’s thinking as he developed his theory. Name the four key observations Darwin made. Why is fossil evidence considered the “most direct” evidence for evolution? Approximately, how many fossil species have been discovered? What are the three methods for generating a date of a fossil?

  3. Introductory Questions #2 What is meant by homoplastic features? Organisms that are from separate ancestries adapt to their environments similarly from similar structures. This is an example of . How many vestigial structures have been observed in humans. Name three of them. Why is biogeography (distribution of species) important evidence for evolution? Why is the chimpanzee considered to be the closest living relative of humans? How is a phylogenetic tree generated and what sort of information does it provide?

  4. Introductory Questions #3 • Define what a gene pool is. • What are the three aspects in a population we examine in order to understand how evolution is occurring in a population. • If a population had 2500 individuals that are diploid, how many total alleles would be present? • In a population of 1000 humans, 840 possess the ability to roll their tongues (dominant trait) and 160 cannot. Determine the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles in the population. • What is happening if the population is in “genetic equilibrium” • What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

  5. Introductory Questions #4 • How can allele frequencies change in a population and increase variation? Give three examples. What do we call this when this is happening? • Does natural selection operate directly on the phenotype or genotype of organisms? Briefly explain your choice. • Name the three modes of selection. Explain how each mode is different and draw a graph representing each mode. • Define what genetic polymorphism is and why balanced polymorphism is unique. Give the two mechanisms observed for balanced polymorphism. • What is a neutral variation? Give an example. • Which species do we see sexual dimorphism as means of mate selection

  6. Introductory Questions #5 Why is biogeography (distribution of species) important evidence for evolution? (pg. 450) What is meant by a species that is “endemic”? What was Darwin’s most significant piece of evidence to argue that all organisms come from a common ancestor? Why is the chimpanzee considered to be the closest living relative of humans? How is a phylogenetic tree generated and what sort of information does it provide? Name two ways you can distinguish one species from another. (Ch. 24) How is a prezygotic barrier different from a postzygotic barrier? Give two examples for each type of barrier. (pg.474-475) How is it possible for new species to emerge if the population are overlapping and remain in contact with each other?

  7. Introductory Questions #6 • When many diversely adapted species come from a common ancestor after being introduced to a new environment as we see with Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands, this is called_________ ___________ • Name the two models that have been proposed to explain evolution observed in the fossil record. Which model (gradualism or punctuated equilibrium) is more reflective of the fossil record? Briefly explain why? • How do new body designs and evolutionary novelties form? • What is allometric growth and paedomorphosis? • When was the last mass extinction event? How many have occurred in the last 600 million years? What typically occurs following a mass extinction event? • Using the Geologic record on pg. 519 which era are we currently living in? Which period involved the emergence of flowering plants (angiosperms) and the extinction of dinosaurs?

  8. Introductory Questions #7 • What were the molecules thought to exist in the early atmosphere? • What does it mean when we say that this early atmosphere was a “reducing” atmosphere? • What is the significance of Miller’s experiment in the 1950’s? • What are protobionts and microspheres? • Where can Stomatolites be found? What are they composed of? • What is the predominant thought of how Polymerization might of occurred? • Was the first organisms thought to be heterotrophs or Autotrophs? Explain.

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