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Medieval Europe

The decline of the Western Roman Empire marked the beginning of the Dark Ages in Europe. Following barbarian invasions and the fall of Rome in 476 C.E., the empire fractured into warring Germanic kingdoms. Amidst chaos and declining literacy, the Church emerged as a stabilizing force, offering organization and preserving ancient texts. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under Christian rule, crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 800 C.E. This era also witnessed the rise of feudalism and increasing tensions between monarchs and the papacy, reshaping the continent's power dynamics.

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Medieval Europe

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  1. Medieval Europe

  2. Fall of Roman Empire • Western Europe dealt with increasing threats from German Barbarian warriors • Rome itself was attacked and looted in 410 C.E. • Finally fell to German rule in 476 C.E.

  3. Stirrups • Western Roman Empire dissolved into separate kingdoms ruled by Germanic tribes

  4. Dark Ages • These kingdoms were often at war with each other • Most land, best warriors = most powerful rulers • Literacy declines sharply • Superstition

  5. Church’s Role in Dark Ages • Church offered stability to Europeans in difficult times • Leadership, organization, distribution of food • Monasteries preserved old texts from Ancient Rome and Greece

  6. Influence of Church • Well educated monks become scribes in many kingdoms • Trusted advisors who spoke only continent wide language - Latin • Many Germanic conquerors convert to Christianity • Promise of salvation was irresistible • Collection of Tithe leads to wealth • 10% of wage goes to church

  7. Charlemagne • Most important leader of the Franks • Controlled modern France and Germany • Latin for Charles the Great • 6’4” tall. Considered a giant. • Brought much of western Europe under Christian rule

  8. Charlemagne Continued • Crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in 800 • Military arm of the Pope • Charlemagne’s empire fell shortly after his death in 814 • Ushered in Feudalism • Charlemagne rewarded his Knights with land and titles in return for military service.

  9. Power Struggles • After Charlemagne, many European Monarchs didn’t like adhering to the Pope’s appointments • Pope’s threat of excommunication often settled the dispute in favor of the Pope • Excommunication - thrown out of church, no longer can attain salvation

  10. Increasing Power of the Church

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