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Medieval Europe

Medieval Europe. World History Chapter 13. Beginning of the Middle (Ages). Most people were peasants After the Roman Empire fell, Visigoths, Vandals, Burgunds , and Ostrogoths built small kingdoms and plundered Europe Franks settle in Gaul (called themselves the Merovingians )

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Medieval Europe

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  1. Medieval Europe World History Chapter 13

  2. Beginning of the Middle (Ages) Most people were peasants After the Roman Empire fell, Visigoths, Vandals, Burgunds, and Ostrogoths built small kingdoms and plundered Europe Franks settle in Gaul (called themselves the Merovingians) Pepin II made office; his son, Charles Martel defeated the invasion of the Spanish Moors Pepin’s other son, Charlemagne, became King of the Franks; defeated the Moors and expanded control Pope names Charlemagne as the successor to the Roman Empire

  3. England William the Conqueror made each feudal lord to swear allegiance to him (laying the foundation for centralized gov’ts) William’s son, Henry I, created the first treasurer (called Exchequer) Henry II created the first grand jury Henry II tried to increase power by forcing the Archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Becket) to move to a royal court; he refused and was killed

  4. England, continued… Henry II’s son, King John, created a riot by forcing nobles to pay taxes He was forced to sign the Magna Carta which gave rights to the nobles Magna Carta became basis for democracy in England Nobles revolted on King Henry III in 1260

  5. The Parliament • King Henry III created a Parliament that included middle class, nobles, and clergy • Parliament contains two houses: • Upper house – House of Lords • Lower house – House of Commons

  6. France • Last Carolingian king dies in France so the Capetian kings take over • Began to unite separate provinces under one rule • Only the oldest son of a ruler would inherit the throne to keep unity

  7. The Pope Problems • Pope ruled the Papal states in Italy • In 936, Otto the Great unified the kingdoms in Germany • The Pope crowned Otto the King of the Romans • Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV conflicted because Henry wanted to appoint the bishops • Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry for it

  8. Pope continued… • Frederick Barbosa ruled Germany from 1152 to 1190 • Barbosa wanted to capture the rich states of Lombardy in northern Italy • Aided by the Pope, they formed the Lombard League and beat back Barbosa

  9. Vikings • Most feared invaders came from Scandinavia • Also called Danes, Northmen, and Norse • Had sails and oars • Sailed coasts & rivers of Germany, France, Iceland, Greenland, and North America • Savage, cruel, plundered

  10. Viking ship

  11. Feudalism Feudalism – political system where kings (or nobles) grant lands to nobles for loyalty, troops, and services Lord – person who grants the land Vassal – person who held the land Fief – when you grant land overtime (becomes hereditary) Manor – large estate (big house) in feudalism Serfs – most peasants on a manor were called this; provided labor services, paid rents, and were subject to the lords control; legally bound to a lord’s land

  12. Structure of Feudalism

  13. A Serf’s Life Boys: uneducated, worked all the time, no fun Girls: married by 13, pregnant all their lives, died at an early age Pregnancy led to early deaths of mothers Alcoholics High infant mortality rate; Low life expectancy Low nutrition levels; bad diets; poor sanitation

  14. A Serf’s Life

  15. Feudal Trials • Knights – wore iron suits; fought with a code among knights called chivalry • Feudal Trials: 3 types • Trial by battle (duel) • Trial by oath (court) • Trial by ordeal (torture) • Sacraments – a religious ceremony, blessing, or rite that a priest would perform • Monasticism – a way of life that was used in convents and monasteries; it means they ignored the outside world and focused on religion

  16. Chain mail

  17. Trial by Oath & Trial by Ordeal

  18. Study for your TEST!

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