B.A. • Look at the chart on the next page. • With a partner, come up with one sentence for each category that can best describe the lifestyle AND economy of the Middle East.
The Region Today Oil Production Nomadic Herding Traditional Crafts Agriculture Manufacturing • 11 million barrels a day from Saudi Arabia • Economies modernized by oil wealth • Oil-related manufactur-ing • Mostly subsistence • Barley, wheat • Livestock—sheep, goats, cattle • Farms in river valleys • Commercial farming near cities • Import food • Tend herds of camels, goats, and sheep • Make handicrafts • Increased settling in towns due to lack of grazing land • Wool rugs • Use local materials and traditional designs • Building materials • Food products • Oil refining, chemical manufactur-ing • Household supplies
Economy of the Middle East Unit 6 – Chapters 19-21 – SW Asia and North Africa
1. Persian Gulf Region • Oil & water are vital to economies in the Middle East • Oil • Plentiful • Modernized economies • Water • Region lacks • Farming difficult • Practice subsistence farming • Barley, wheat, sheep, goats, etc. • NO PIGS!!! • Import many foods
Persian Gulf cont. • Saudi Arabia • World’s largest oil reserves • Top 3 oil producers: 1. Saudi Arabia 2. United States 3. Russia • http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm • Oilwealth—can influence oil prices & affect economies worldwide, protect tradition, support governments, & build militaries
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • Created in 1960 • Has 12 members • Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia • Designed by Arab states to force pressure on U.S. & Europe for their support of Israel • Control 2/3 of world’s oil reserves • Control amount of oil produced • Can reduce or increase daily oil production • Causes oil prices to rise & fall • Affect country's economy, travel, gas prices, food prices, & plastic products
OPEC 1978 • http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=2734335 • 50 year anniversary OPEC • http://www.bloomberg.com/video/62892336-opec-s-50th-anniversary.html • Price of oil per basket over past 10 years • http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/40.htm
2. Eastern Mediterranean Region Economy • Israel • Most technologically advanced in region • Diamond-cutting in Tel-Aviv • Polished diamonds are leading export • Turkey • 2nd most developed country • Leading industry - Textiles
Eastern Mediterranean Region continued • Rely heavily on agriculture • Tigris and Euphrates help with irrigation • Tourism • Cyprus – beaches • Dead Sea – float • Israel – religious sites • Bethlehem and Jerusalem
The Region Today • Largest cities are the national capitals • Ancient cities • Old sections—Buildings one or two stories tall, twisting streets, bazaars, mosques • Newer sections—Modern buildings, wide avenues, traffic, high-rise apartments, fast-food outlets Urban Environments
Bazaars Dubai Kuwait
North Africa • Oil and natural gas most valuable natural resources • Largest reserves in Libya • Rich fishing grounds • Sardines in Morocco • Nile River produces fertile soil • Grapes, olives, dates, rice, and cotton • Egypt large cotton producer • Tourism important for Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia
Problems for North Africa • Poverty • Political unrest • Many N. African people want to set up Islamic law • High unemployment • 30% in some countries • High population growth • Skilled workers leaving region for better jobs in Europe or Middle East • Not enough homes in cities • People set up slums outside cities
