Standards

1. Standards • SSWG5 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Eastern Asia. • d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in the region and the effect of geography on their development and their major customs and traditions. • e. Analyze the impact of population growth in the region on both the region and on other regions of the world; include China, India, and Japan. • g. Describe the Pacific Rim and its cultural, political, and economic significance.

2. Essential Question • How have the different groups of East Asia developed?

3. Agenda Human Geography of East Asia Group Presentations Chapter 28 Overview (Formal Notes) Introduce Today’s Issues in East Asia HW: Study for your Vocabulary and POLITICAL map Quiz

4. Chapter 28 Human Geography of East Asia

5. China • China has more people than any other country in the world. • It is about the same size as the continental United States in area. • It has been the dominant culture in the region since ancient times.

6. The first dynasty (a series of rulers from the same family) was established in China about 1700 BC. • The Qin (chihn) Dynasty established the first empire in China and gave China its name.

7. During the 19th century many outside nations established spheres of influence in China (imperialism). • Many Chinese resented the outside influences in China, which led to a series of civil wars resulting in China becoming a communist country in 1949.

8. China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. • China is self-sufficient agriculturally. • Much of the Chinese population is concentrated in the areas where food can be grown.

9. The Chinese invented paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, porcelain, and silk cloth.

10. Confucianism – a philosophy focusing on respect for the past and for one’s ancestors; family and societal relationships; and the importance of education. • Taoism – based on the teachings of Lao-tzu – focuses on preserving and restoring harmony in the individual and the universe. • Buddhism – a religion that came to China from India – believes in reincarnation (the idea that people are reborn again & again).

11. Mongolia and Taiwan • The histories of Mongolia and Taiwan have been closely linked with that of China. • They have pursued separate paths of development—Mongolia has had a managed economy, while Taiwan has a capitalist economy based on manufacturing and trade.

12. Mongolia • Mongols were traditionally nomadic herders. • A Mongolian, Genghis Khan, and his descendants established the Mongol empire and conquered much of Asia.

13. China gained control of Mongolia in the 1300s and ruled until 1911. In 1924 Mongolia (influenced by its neighbor Russia) became a communist country. • Since the 1990 Mongolia has been moving toward a political democracy and a free-market economy.

14. Because if its long history with China (governing and being governed by China), the Mongols have adopted many aspects of the Chinese culture.

15. Much of the Mongolian economy is still devoted to herding and managing livestock. • Nomadic Mongolian herders live in tents called yurts. • Mongolia was one of the first formerly communist countries to move to a free-market economy.

16. Taiwan • Taiwan developed independently until conquered by the Manchu dynasty in 1683. • In 1895 Japan seized control of Taiwan (formerly called Formosa). • Chinese nationalists have controlled the island since the end of World War II, but China has never recognized Taiwan as a separate nation. China views Taiwan as a province of China.

17. Because the population of Taiwan is almost exclusively Chinese, the culture of the island is Chinese. • The Taiwan population is highly educated and speak Mandarin Chinese.

18. Taiwan has one of the world’s most successful economies. • Taiwan, along with Singapore and South Korea, is considered an economic tiger – a nation that has rapid economic growth due to cheap labor, high technology, and aggressive exports.

19. Taiwan is part of the Pacific Rim – nations that surround the Pacific Ocean. • Taiwan has opened itself to many western influences such as baseball.

20. The Koreas: North and South • The Korean peninsula is divided into two separate countries: Communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea.

21. Korea’s history has been marked by invasions from China and Japan. • After World War II, the northern part of Korea was controlled by the Soviet Union and the southern half was supported by the United States. • In 1950, Korean troops from the North invaded South Korea starting the Korean War.

22. In 1953, a treaty ended the Korean War that recognized the Communist state of North Korea and the democratic country of South Korea. • Around the turn of the century there was some talk of reuniting the two countries, but current there is no movement toward a united Korea.

23. Both North and South Korea has extensive armies. • South Korea has a highly successful and competitive economy and is one of the world’s top trading nations.

24. Japan • Japan is a great industrial power. • It has managed to achieve economic prosperity despite its small land area and limited resources.

25. Before about 300 A.D. Japan was made up of hundreds of clans ruling separate territories. • By the 5th century the Yamato became the ruling clan and by the 7th century declared themselves emperors of Japan. • Samurai served as bodyguard warriors loyal to the head of the clan.

26. In 1192, the emperor created the position of shogun. The shogun was the general of the emperor’s army with the powers of a military dictator. • The shoguns appointed daimyo, or governors, to maintain order in each province. • The shoguns maintained Japanese isolation from the rest of the world until Commodore Matthew Perry’s arrival from the United States. • In 1868 the last shogun resigned and the emperor became the head of the Japanese government.

27. Japanese expansion in the Pacific and its attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II. • After Japanese defeat in World War II Japan became a constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected Parliament. • Since World War II Japan has become one of the world’s most powerful economies due in part to a strong alliance between business and government.

28. Japanese style is very spare, elegant and refined. There is a great emphasis placed on achieving harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. • Japan has been greatly influenced by western culture. Western sports are popular in Japan as well as western clothing and music.

29. Japan has a very highly structured educational system. Students often attend school 6 days a week. • Japan provides students with a free education for 6 years of elementary school and 3 years of junior high school. Afterward Japanese students attend 3 years of high school and attend juku, private schools to help them get into good colleges.