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Examining 9/11

Examining 9/11. (or 11/9 in Aus). What happened?. Bloodiest day in American History since the battle of Antietam during the Civil War. 8.46am Flight 11 crashes into the North Tower of the WTC. 9.03am Flight 175 crashes into the South Tower of the WTC

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Examining 9/11

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  1. Examining 9/11 (or 11/9 in Aus)

  2. What happened? • Bloodiest day in American History since the battle of Antietam during the Civil War. • 8.46am Flight 11 crashes into the North Tower of the WTC. • 9.03am Flight 175 crashes into the South Tower of the WTC • 9.37am Flight 77 crashes into the western side of the Pentagon • 10.03 Flight 93 crashes in Pennsylvania

  3. Response? • Bush’s Speech – document analysis. • What is the tone of Bush’s speech? • Is it clear what action Bush will take from this speech? • SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

  4. Operation Enduring Freedom • Following the 9/11 attacks the US gov’t investigated and found al-Qaeda responsible for organising the attacks. • Sheltering in Afghanistan, the US gov’t demanded that the ruling Taliban end their support for al-Qaeda and hand over the suspects. • The Taliban refused, and on 7 October 2001 the US launched ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’.

  5. AIMS • Overthrowing the Taliban • Apprehending al-Qaeda suspects • Ending the use of Afghanistan as a haven for terrorists • Spreading ‘democracy’ to the world

  6. Action • On 20 September 2001 the US gave the following ultimatum to the Taliban: • Deliver all the leaders of al-Qaeda to the US • Release all imprisoned foreign nationals • Close immediately every terrorist training camp • Hand over every terrorist and their supporters to appropriate authorities • Give the US full access to terrorist training camps for inspection

  7. Action • The next day, 21 September 2001, the Taliban rejected this ultimatum, stating there was no evidence linking bin Laden to the Sept. 11 attacks. • On 22 Sept the UAE and Saudi Arabia withdrew their recognition of the Taliban as the legal government of Afghanistan. • Pakistan was the remaining supporter of the Taliban.

  8. Action • The Taliban offered to hand bin Landen over to several governments for trial, but this never eventuated.

  9. The Operation • US air attacks (from carriers and land based jets) bombed Taliban and al-Qaeda targets • US special forces supported the ‘Northern Alliance’ – a loose coalition of Afghan warlords opposed to the Taliban • After some time, invasion by ISAF troops • Kabul captured 13 November 2001, resistance continues

  10. Terrorism reacts? • Oct 12, 2002: Bali • 11 March, 2004: Madrid • 24 August, 2004: Russia (air crash) • 1 September, 2004: Russia (Beslan) • 7 July, 2005: London • 23 July, 2005: Egypt • 13 October, 2005: Russia (street fighting) • 29 October, 2005: India • 9 November, 2005: Jordan • 11 July, 2006: India (rail system)

  11. Number of Terrorist Incidents since 2001 Source: Wikipedia.

  12. Al-Qaeda • Eradicated in Afghanistan • Remaining leadership migrate to Pakistan (including bin Laden?) • Resurgence in recent years – the AFPAC war? Times Square Bombing last weekend

  13. Article: The War on Terror • “Can the West win the War on Terror?” From: Suter, 50 Things you want to know about world issues… but were too afraid to ask, Bantam, North Sydney, 2005.

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