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UI Environments

UI Environments. J2ME .NET Compact Framework nods to: Shwetak Patel, Heather Mahaney, Gillian Hayes. Agenda. UI Environments J2ME .NET Compact Framework HW 3. Intro to J2ME. J2ME – Java 2 Micro Edition Introduced by Sun in 1999 for mobile devices Scaled down version of J2SE

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UI Environments

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  1. UI Environments J2ME .NET Compact Framework nods to: Shwetak Patel, Heather Mahaney, Gillian Hayes

  2. Agenda • UI Environments • J2ME • .NET Compact Framework • HW 3

  3. Intro to J2ME • J2ME – Java 2 Micro Edition • Introduced by Sun in 1999 for mobile devices • Scaled down version of J2SE • Smaller footprint • No heavyweight classes • (swing, awt, etc) • Highly optimized runtime environment

  4. J2ME Architecture • KVM - Kilobyte Virtual Machine • 40 – 80 KB in size • For devices with 160 KB of memory and 16 or 32-bit RISC/CISC microprocessors OEM Specific API

  5. J2ME Architecture (cont.) • CLDC - Connected Limited Device Configuration • Provides core lower level functionality • Bare minimum IO and utilities • Currently consists of java.io, java.lang, java.util, java.microedition.io OEM Specific API

  6. J2ME Architecture (cont.) • MIDP – Mobile Information Device Profile • MIDP provides the core application functionality for mobile devices • Network connectivity, data storage, and user interfaces OEM Specific API

  7. J2ME Architecture (cont.) • OEM Specific API • Access to proprietary features and functionality • Audio system, camera, lighting system, etc OEM Specific API

  8. J2ME Programming Environment • Sun provides IDE for the “generic” java-enable mobile phone • Most mobile phone companies like Motorola or Nokia have their own IDEs

  9. J2ME Applications • A J2ME app is called a Midlet Midlet life cycle

  10. J2ME UI • MIDP provides some limited UI elements • Form • Alert • Choice and ChoiceGroup • List • StringItem • TextBox • TextField • DateField • Guage • Ticker

  11. J2ME UI vs J2SE UI • MIDP UI elements ARE NOT subsets of AWT/Swing • Interaction with the user is based around a succession of screens • MIDP only has a single command listener

  12. J2ME Canvas • J2ME does allows lower level access to the Canvas • Can create custom graphics and user interfaces by extending Canvas

  13. Lightweight Window Toolkit • Motorola introduced the LWT to address the limitation of MIDP • Works on all Java-enable mobile phone • Similar to J2SE Swing • Layout management with absolute or relative widget placement • Notion of containers • Component Listeners

  14. LWT Hierarchy

  15. Sample J2ME Applications

  16. .NET Compact Framework

  17. .NET Compact Framework Design Goals • Target mobile and embedded devices • Portable subset of .NET Framework • No new ‘compact’ namespaces • Visual Basic .NET & C# compiler support in v1 • Leverage Visual Studio .NET • Run managed .EXEs and .DLLs directly • Debug with Visual Studio .NET • Peacefully co-exist with host OS • Run on native threads, P/Invoke to call native code

  18. Other Differences • Class libraries are a subset (about 25%) • Different size and scalability characteristics • Compact Additions • IrDA support • SQL Server CE managed classes (not available on CF for SmartPhones) • Device-specific controls

  19. Framework Size • Framework size • 1.35MB (ROM) on Windows CE .NET Device • Each application runs its own instance of the Framework; there is no pooling at this time. • Running RAM needs • 1 MB+ (depends on app) • Typical application sizes • 5 - 100 KB • Apps often smaller due to use of platform features in the framework

  20. System.Web System.Windows.Forms • Services • Description • Discovery • Protocols • UI • HTML Controls • Web Controls Design Component Model System.Drawing Cache Security Drawing 2D Printing Configuration Session State Imaging Text System.XML System.Data ADO.NET SQL Client XML Document Serialization Design SQL ServerCE Xslt/XPath Reader/Writers System Collections IO Configuration • Runtime • Interop Services • Remoting • Serialization Security Net Service Process Text Reflection Diagnostics Globalization Resources Threading .NET Compact Framework

  21. Base: Networking • Sockets • Synchronous and asynchronous • Multiple protocols • Streams • Built on top of sockets • Synchronous and asynchronous • HTTP request and response • Use stream model • Requires no user knowledge of HTTP Applications .NET Compact Framework Web Services HTTP Request/Response, Network Stream Sockets Common Language Runtime

  22. Base: Threading • Applications start with an initial thread • Applications can start new threads • Using threads • Responsive UI • Program function segregation • Thread synchronization primitives • App domains exist until all threads exit

  23. Base: Native Code InterOp • Managed  native (P/Invoke) • Calls into existing native code • .NET Compact Framework does marshalling of arguments • Native  managed • P/Invoke and block • MessageWindow Class • Native code can indicate events and transfer data to managed code via message pumps • Microsoft.WindowsCE.Forms.MessageWindow

  24. Windows Forms Support • Great for Rapid Prototyping on Pocket PC • Layout • Manual positioning • Drawing • Polygons, lines, arcs, ellipses, rectangles • JPEG, BMP images • Text and images • TrueType bitmap fonts on Mobile • Most desktop controls • Designer support

  25. HW 3: Starting your IDF • Starting an Interface Division Framework • You’re now going to start generalizing the work you did for HW 2

  26. HW 3: Two major parts • Part I: Support for Initiating Division • You must create a library for applications that: • Provides an interface and functionality for initiating communication with an interface generator • Provides at least two general purpose interactors that applications can instantiate to allow end users to choose how to divide the interface • Manages communication to and from the interface generator

  27. HW 3: Two major parts • Part II: Interface GeneratorYou must generalize the mechanism you created for HW 2 to support a wider variety of interface divisions. Your interface generator should: • Accept a semantic description of the components, including their attributes and desired layout, to include in the interface • This semantic description should be kept in a file separate from your application code • Support at least 3 types of layouts, and at least 7 types of components. • Provide mechanisms for returning information from the interface generator when requested by either the generated interface or the original application

  28. HW 3: Using the Framework • Update your email application to use your framework • Create a simple application that demonstrates your 3 layouts and 7 components

  29. Foreshadowing • HW 4: Adding support for behaviors • HW 5: Allowing users to choose desired interface division and associated behaviors • HW 6: Create a new application using your framework

  30. Next Time • Midterm!

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