Suitability Analysis for Seaweed Farming in Tarakan, Indonesia

1. Suitability Analysis for Seaweed Farming in Tarakan, Indonesia Gatot H. Pramono, Ratna Sari Dewi, Suwahyuono, Mone Iye C BAKOSURTANAL(National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping) Jl. Raya Jakarta – Bogor KM. 46 – Cibinong 16911 Indonesia

2. Background • Referring to wide variety of seaweed uses, the farming of seaweeds is an important aspect for economic benefits. The extract of seaweeds can be used for domestic and international needs. • Seaweed growth depends largely on the specific environment. • The question is where are the most suitable coastal areas for seaweed farming? • The answer to this question will be very useful for local government and investors to do the aqua culture.

3. Objective The main objective of this study is to : • identify the most suitable coastal areas for seaweed farming. • generate the suitability maps for seaweed farming.

4. Study Area • The area for this study is in Tarakan island, east Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Tarakan island is located between 3º14.5’-3º25.0’ North and 117º31.8’’-117º38.0’’ East. It is divided into four districts: East, Center, West and North Tarakan. Malaysia Tarakan island

5. Methodology The three stages to carry out this study are as follows: • Data collection • Suitability Analysis • Data Processing

6. Data Collection (1) Consist of: • Topographic maps from BAKOSURTANAL scale 1:50.000 • Coastal and marine data from MCRM Project • Physical properties of coastal areas from field survey.

7. Data collection (2) • Parameters obtained from field survey (Table 1) No. Parameters Range 1 Dissolved oxygen 4.62 – 8.45 mg/l 2 Salinity 24.6 – 31.0 ppt 3 Temperature 28.3 – 31.2 ºC 4 Clarity 0 – 93 % 5 pH 6 – 8 6 Turbidity 1 – 50 NTU 7 Conductivity 17.2 – 43.8 mS/cm

8. Suitability Analysis (1) There are four levels of suitability: • Highly suitable (S1) • Suitable (S2) • Conditionally suitable (S3) • Not suitable (N) • (Wiradisastra, 2004)

9. Suitability Analysis (2) • Suitability for seaweed farming (Table 2) Parameters S1 [80] S2 [60] S3 [40] N [1] Depth (m)[35] 1 – 5 < 1 > 5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/I)[10] > 6 >5 – 6 4 - 5 < 4 Salinity (ppt)[10] 28 – 36 >20 – 28 12 – 20 < 12 > 36 Temperature (0C)[10] 26 – 31 24 – <26 20 – <24 < 20 >31 – 33 >33 – 35 > 35 Clarity (%)[25] >75 50 – 75 25 – <50 < 25 pH[10] 7,5 - 8,5 7 - <7,5 >8.7 – 8.8 < 6.5 >8.5 – 8.7 6.5 – <7 > 8.8 (Wiradisastra, 2004)

10. Suitability Analysis (3) • The above parameters can be calculated using two available methods: matching and scoring. • Matching approach considers the minimum suitability level of a parameter as the final suitability. • Scoring method considers the weight and limit of analysis.

11. Data Processing • The data is processed using geographic information system (GIS). There are three main steps as follows: • Data Preparation • Overlay • Matching and scoring

12. Result (1) • The suitability map of seaweed based on matching method suitable (S2) Not suitable (N) Conditionally Suitable (S3) Highly Suitable (S1)

13. Result (2) • The suitability map of seaweed based on scoring method suitable (S2) Not suitable (N) Conditionally Suitable (S3) Highly Suitable (S1)

14. Result (3) • Table 3. Area of seaweed suitability Matching Scoring (km2) (km2) Highly suitable (S1) 0 0 Suitable (S2) 39 219,6 Conditionally suitable (S3) 180,8 141,4 * Scoring method could result in higher suitability level than the result of matching approach.

15. Conclusion & Recommendation • Geographic information system (GIS) is able to perform suitability analysis of seaweed farming in Tarakan, east Kalimantan province. • The scoring approach predicts more areas with suitable level. • The results of this study should be verified by trying to farm seaweed in the suitable areas. • Further study would be to identify the appropriateness of the used parameters, whether by removing certain parameter or adding other parameters. • The weight and minimum suitable values should also be evaluated to achieve an optimum suitability analysis.

16. TERIMAKASIH