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Social Crises and Migration: Understanding England and Native America in the 17th Century

This analysis explores the social crises in 17th century England that prompted migration to America, including the impact of the Great Chain of Being, patriarchy, and economic turmoil caused by the Enclosure Movement. It contrasts these views with Native American perspectives on social order, emphasizing land use, matrilineage, and gender roles. The piece delves into how English concepts of race differed from Native American ideas, highlighting the societal implications of these contrasting worldviews, which influenced interactions between the two cultures during this pivotal period.

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Social Crises and Migration: Understanding England and Native America in the 17th Century

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Contrasting World Views

  2. Questions of the Day: What social crises in England prompted migration to America? In the 17th century, how did English and Indian people understand the social order, property, gender, and race? Outline: England: “Great Chain of Being” Patriarchy Economic Crisis Enclosure Movement 2. Native America: land use matrilineage gender roles 3. Ideas about race

  3. The English Social OrderThe “Great Chain of Being”

  4. Social Implications of the “Great Chain of Being” • Social rigidity • Top-down authority • Interdependence and mutual obligation • Moral Economy • No ideal of individualism and independence

  5. Patriarchal Households • A miniature monarchy • Coverture • Patrilineage • Sexual regulation • Domestic work for women • Transgressions punished

  6. Economic Crises in 17th Century England • Feudalism • Enclosure movement • Harvest failures • Unemployment • Poor Laws criminalized idleness and poaching • Diggers

  7. 2. Native American Customs • Usufruct Rights • No accumulation of personal wealth • Matrilineage • Women’s agricultural work • Decisions about war captives • Individual choice about sex and divorce

  8. “Daughter of Secota” [1580s]

  9. America [1580]

  10. English Trade with Indians [1634]

  11. “savages” [ca 1590s]

  12. Making Canoes [1580s]

  13. English ideas: Skin color as a cultural artifact (e.g. bear’s grease) Skin color as a result of climate Native American ideas: Insider/outsider status matters, not appearance Fictive kin allows for full adoption 16th-17th century ideas about race

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