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Organic Systems: Building Soil Fertility and Improving Soil Quality

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farrah-melendez
22 diapositives · 398 Views · Nov 13, 2014

Organic Systems: Building Soil Fertility and Improving Soil Quality. Craig Cogger, Doug Collins, Andy Bary WSU Puyallup Dan Sullivan and Eric Gale Oregon State University. Estimating plant-available N release from organic amendments Field and laboratory research.

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  1. Organic Systems: Building Soil Fertility and Improving Soil Quality Craig Cogger, Doug Collins, Andy Bary WSU Puyallup Dan Sullivan and Eric Gale Oregon State University

  2. Estimating plant-available N release from organic amendments Field and laboratory research Nutrient management effects on soil quality Overview

  3. Organic amendments in field and laboratory nitrogen research

  4. Amendment decomposition in soil

  5. Plant Available N C:N = 7 C:N = 9 C:N = 20 C:N = 16 C:N = 27

  6. Amendment C:N vs. plant-available N (field)

  7. ORGANIC FERTILIZER CALCULATORhttp://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu • Sample calculations • How much of this fertilizer should I apply? • How do these two fertilizers compare? • What’s the cheapest source of available N, P, K, etc.? • Does this program match my fertilizer recommendation?

  8. Basis for Organic Fertilizer Calculator http://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu

  9. “Organic Fertilizer Calculator" estimates of plant-available N (PAN)

  10. Organic Systems Research – started 2003 Nutrient Management Weed Ecology and Management Soil Quality Economics of Crop Production Crop Yield and Quality Insect Predators and Pests

  11. Soil Amendments • Chicken (Broiler) litter: low C application (CKN) (1.8-2.7 dt/ac) • Mixed on-farm compost: high C application (OFC) (13-17 dt/acre)

  12. Cover Crops Post-Harvest Cereal & legume (PH) Short-term Grass-legume Pasture (LEY) Relay planted Legume (RLY)

  13. Measurements: Soil Quality • Bulk Density • Infiltration • Particulate OM • Enzyme activity • Nematodes • Collembola • Compaction • Aggregation of particles • Nitrogen cycling • Microbial community structure

  14. pH Exch. K OM Soil pH, K, and OM2006 mg/kg g/kg Ley 6.2 a 229 b 38 Fall 5.9 b 370 a 41 Relay 6.0 b 375 a 42 Low C 5.8 b 247 b 37 b High C 6.3 a 402 a 44 a CC x amd *** *** **

  15. Bulk density affected by amendment

  16. Infiltration affected by amendment and rotation

  17. Particulate Organic Matter (POM) C affected by amendment

  18. Dehydrogenase as an indicator of biological activity

  19. A soil nematode community Rhabditidae; bacterivore Aporcelaimellus- predator; 1.9 mm Cephalobidae- bacterivore; 0.5 mm 0.1mm Aphlenchoides- fungivore; 0.3mm

  20. ** ** ** ** 05 06 07

  21. Nematode ecological indices ** ** * *

  22. Summary • Amendment had significant effects on bulk density, infiltration, dehydrogenase, nematodes, and organic C • Nematodes more numerous following broiler litter (low C), but more diverse following compost (high C) • Cover crop has had rotational effects; other effects are still evolving.