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Lesson 4 Crossing the Border

Lesson 4 Crossing the Border. Section 1. https:// tufts.app.box.com/s/aikh8m9orb6qgyvq2hat https:// www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwB5wGuE-nhuxfOCbJwHUC0PlzXysbc0v. Section 1 <New Words>. MSF Switzerland further NGO establish injured as a result of ... disaster no matter what race

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Lesson 4 Crossing the Border

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  1. Lesson 4 Crossing the Border

  2. Section 1 https://tufts.app.box.com/s/aikh8m9orb6qgyvq2hat https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwB5wGuE-nhuxfOCbJwHUC0PlzXysbc0v

  3. Section 1 <New Words> MSF Switzerland further NGO establish injured as a result of ... disaster no matter what race religion politics be of help donate refugee fighting 【名】 国境なき医師団 【名】 スイス 【形】 さらに進んだ、もっと <総合2500> 【名】非政府組織 (non-governmental organization) 【動】 を設立する <総合2500> 【形】 怪我をした <総合2000> 【副】...の結果として <総合3000> 【名】 災害 <総合2500> 【副】 どんなことがあっても <総合2500> 【名】 人種 <総合3000> 【名】 宗教 <総合2000> 【名】 政治 <総合3000> 【形】 役に立つ（≒ helpful） 【動】 を寄付する <総合3000> 【名】 難民 【名】 戦闘

  4. Section 1 <Reading - TRUE or FALSE> TRUE: Blue / FALSE: Red • Dr. Kanto worked as a doctor in Switzerland for about eight years. • Dr. Kanto joined MSF after she returned to Japan from Switzerland. • MSF was established as an NGO in France in 1971. • MSF gives assistance to people around the world who are sick or injured as a result of war and disaster. • MSF helps people regardless of race, religion, or politics. • Dr. Kanto had never thought of working overseas until she heard about MSF. • When Dr. Kanto was sent to Sri Lanka, fighting was still going on there. • Dr. Kanto worked as a doctor in Switzerland for about eight years. • Dr. Kanto joined MSF after she returned to Japan from Switzerland. • MSF was established as an NGO in France in 1971. • MSF gives assistance to people around the world who are sick or injured as a result of war and disaster. • MSF helps people regardless of race, religion, or politics. • Dr. Kanto had never thought of working overseas until she heard about MSF. • When Dr. Kanto was sent to Sri Lanka, fighting was still going on there.  

  5. Section 1 <Reading - Questions> • In a war, who takes care of injured soldiers or civilians? • Who MSF helps?- It helps people all over the world who are sick or injured as a result of war and disaster, no matter what their race, religion, or politics is. That's why they are called “XXXXXXX." • Why do you think MSF was founded?

  6. Section 1 <Dictation / Grammar / Vocabulary> Dr. Kanto Tomoko joinedMSF in 1993. She was the first Japanese to work in the field with this international volunteer group. Here she talks about her experience. --- After working for about eight years as a doctor in Japan, I went to Switzerland for further study. It was there that I joined Médecins sans Frontières (MSF), “Doctors Without Borders,” an NGOestablished in France in 1971. MSF helps people all over the world who are sick or injured as a result of war and disaster, nomatter what their race, religion, or politics is. I had been thinking about how I might be of some helpto others as a doctor. I wanted to see different cultures and places. I hadread about MSF and I had friends who had donated money. I sent a letter to an MSF office in Paris saying that I wished to join the organization. They said yes and I was sent to the Madhurefugee camp in SriLanka, wherefighting was goingon. (178 words)

  7. Section 1 <Speed-controlled Reading : 170 wpm> Dr. Kanto Tomoko joined MSF in 1993(nineteen ninety-three). She was the first Japanese to work in the field with this international volunteer group. Here she talks about her experience. --- After working for about eight years as a doctor in Japan, I went to Switzerland for further study. It was there that I joined Médecins sans Frontières (MSF), “Doctors Without Borders,” an NGOestablished in France in 1971 (nineteen seventy-one). MSF helps people all over the world who are sick or injuredas a result of war and disaster, no matter what their race, religion, or politics is. I had been thinking about how I might be of some help to others as a doctor. I wanted to see different cultures and places. I had read about MSF and I had friends who had donated money. I sent a letter to an MSF office in Paris saying that I wished to join the organization. They said yes and I was sent to the Madhurefugee camp in SriLanka, where fighting was goingon. (170 words)

  8. Section 1 <Sight Translation> Dr. Kanto Tomoko joined MSF in 1993. She was the first Japanese to work in the field with this international volunteer group. Here she talks about her experience. After working for about eight years as a doctor in Japan, I went to Switzerland for further study. It was there that I joined MSF, “Doctors Without Borders,” an NGO established in France in 1971. MSF helps people all over the world who are sick or injured as a result of war and disaster, no matter what their race, religion, or politics is. ①貫戸朋子医師は国境なき医師団に参加した 1993年に ②彼女は最初の日本人だった 現地で働く この国際的なボランティア団体に属して ③ここで彼女は彼女の体験について話をする ④約8年間働いたあと 日本で医者として ⑤私はスイスに行った さらに進んだ勉強のために ⑥それはそこでだった 私がMSFに参加した（のは） 「国境なき医師団」 1971年にフランスで設立されたNGO ⑦MSFは世界中の人々を助ける 病気やけがをした（人々を） 戦争や災害の結果 彼らの人種がなんであろうとも 宗教や政治的な意見（がなんであろうとも）

  9. I had been thinking about how I might be of some help to others as a doctor. I wanted to see different cultures and places. I had read about MSF and I had friends who had donated money. I sent a letter to an MSF office in Paris saying that I wished to join the organization. They said yes and I was sent to the Madhu refugee camp in Sri Lanka, where fighting was going on. ⑨私は〜について考えていた どのようにして私が少しは人々の役立てるか 医師として ⑩私は見たかった さまざまな文化や場所を ⑪私はMSFについて読んだことがあった そして私は友人たちがいた （MSFに）寄付をしたことがある（人たち） ⑫私はパリのMSFの支部に手紙を送った こう書いてある 私は組織に参加したいと ⑬彼らは「はい」と言った そして私は...に派遣された マドゥーの難民キャンプ スリランカの （そこでは）内戦が続いていた

  10. Section 1 <Japanese Translation> 1993年、貫戸朋子医師はMSFに参加した。MSFは国際的なボランティア団体だ。貫戸医師は、この団体に属して現地で働く最初の日本人だった。ここで、彼女はその体験について、話をする。 --- 私は日本で医者として約8年間働いた。そしてさらに進んだ勉強のために私はスイスに行った。私が1971年にフランスで設立されたNGO、国境なき医師団（MSF）に参加した。MSFは病気や戦争でけがをした世界中の人々を助ける。 私は医師として人々を助けたかった。私はさまざまな文化や場所を見たかった。私はMSFについて読んだことがあった、また私はMSFに寄付をしたことがある友人たちがいた。私はパリにあるMSFのオフィスに手紙を送った、MSFに参加したかったからだ。彼らは「よいです」と言った。私はスリランカのマドゥーにある難民キャンプに派遣された、そこでは戦闘が続いていた。

  11. Section 2 https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sr2sp8v7s3x15y5/AAAS4fcyiwLlDFd81gshV547a# https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwB5wGuE-nhuxfOCbJwHUC0PlzXysbc0v

  12. Section 2 <New Words> and yet Tamil interpreter health worker medical equipment treat pregnant malaria asthma pneumonia diarrhea soldier weapon put ... away whether ~ or not 【接】 = but<総合2500> 【形】【名】タミル人（の）、タミル語（の） 【名】 通訳者 <総合3000> 【名】 保健指導員 <総合1000> 【名】 医療器具 <総合2500/3000> 【動】 を治療する <総合2000/3000> 【形】 妊娠した <英検 Level-4> 【名】 マラリア（病） 【名】ぜんそく 【名】肺炎 【名】下痢 <総合2000> 【名】兵士 <総合2000> 【名】武器 <総合2500> 【動】...をしまう、片づける 【接】 ～かどうか <総合2000>

  13. Section 2 <Reading - TRUE or FALSE> TRUE: Blue / FALSE: Red • At Madhu there were enough medical staff and equipment. • Dr. Kanto couldn’t speak Tamil very well. • In the afternoon, they treated weak people in their beds. • Dr. Kanto never left the main camp at Madhu. • During her stay at Madhu, she was completely safe. • At Madhu there were enough medical staff and equipment. • Dr. Kanto couldn’t speak Tamil very well. • In the afternoon, they treated weak people in their beds. • Dr. Kanto never left the main camp at Madhu. • During her stay at Madhu, she was completely safe.

  14. Section 2 <Reading - Questions> • What are major problems for Dr. Kanto and her staff? • Why did they use simple questions in diagnosing their patients? • What problems will you meet if you work as a volunteer in a developing country?Pick one problem and think of solutions to solve it. You need the conclusion first and reasons following. It should be around 80 words. レギュラークラスのWriting課題でっしゅ。考査にも関わるのでしっかり書いてね～。よろしく～っしゅ！ ドングリッシュ

  15. Section 2 <Dictation / Grammar / Vocabulary> At Madhu there were 28,000 refugees, and yet there was only one small hospital, where we had only two nurses, two Tamil doctors, interpreters, and health workers. We had only the simplest medicalequipmentto work with. There were times when we felt sad because we had to treat so many people with old equipment. We started at 9 a.m. and treated about 150 people each day. They spoke Tamil. We asked them simple questions and decided what to do. In the afternoon, we treated people in our eight beds, usually pregnant women and babies. Sometimes we went to a small camp eight kilometers away from Madhu. We worked from morning till night. Malaria, asthma, pneumonia—these diseases were the most common. Poor food and water were also serious problems. When the rainy season came in October, diarrhea increased and we lost some of our children. We treated everyone who came to us, evensoldiers carrying weapons, but only after they put their weapons away. We were told we would be safe. However, there were times when we were ordered not to go out at night. We listened to the radio to find out whether it was safe to go outside or not. (203 words)

  16. Section 2 <Speed-controlled Reading 1 : 170 wpm> At Madhu there were 28,000 refugees, and yet there was only one small hospital, where we had only two nurses, two Tamil doctors, interpreters, and health workers. We had only the simplest medical equipment to work with. There were times when we felt sad because we had to treat so many people with old equipment. We started at 9 a.m. and treated about 150 people each day. They spoke Tamil. We asked them simple questions and decided what to do. In the afternoon, we treated people in our eight beds, usually pregnant women and babies. Sometimes we went to a small camp eight kilometers away from Madhu. We worked from morning till night. (113 words)

  17. Section 2 <Speed-controlled Reading 2 : 170 wpm> Malaria, asthma, pneumonia—these diseases were the most common. Poor food and water were also serious problems. When the rainy season came in October, diarrhea increased and we lost some of our children. We treated everyone who came to us, even soldiers carrying weapons, but only after they put their weapons away. We were told we would be safe. However, there were times when we were ordered not to go out at night. We listened to the radio to find out whether it was safe to go outside or not. (90words)

  18. Section 2 <Sight Translation> At Madhu there were 28,000 refugees, and yet there was only one small hospital, where we had only two nurses, two Tamil doctors, interpreters, and health workers. We had only the simplest medical equipment to work with. There were times when we felt sad because we had to treat so many people with old equipment. We started at 9 a.m. and treated about 150 people each day. They spoke Tamil. We asked them simple questions and decided what to do. In the afternoon, we treated people in our eight beds, usually pregnant women and babies. ①マドゥーには28,000人の難民がいた しかしそこには たったひとつの小さな病院しかなかった （そこには）私たちはたったふたりの看護師 ふたりのタミル人の医師、通訳、 そして保健指導員（しかいなかった） ②私たちはもっとも簡単な 仕事をするための医療機器しかなかった ③〜のときがあった 私たちは悲しく感じた なぜなら私たちはそれほど多くの人々を治療しなければならなかったからだ 古い機器で ④私たちは午前9時に（診療を）始めた そして毎日150人ほどの人々を治療した ⑤彼らはタミル語を話した ⑥私たちは彼らに簡単な質問をした そしてなにをすべきか決めた ⑦午後には 私たちは8つのベッドで人々の治療をした たいてい妊産婦と赤ちゃん（だった）

  19. Sometimes we went to a small camp eight kilometers away from Madhu. We worked from morning till night. Malaria, asthma, pneumonia — these diseases were the most common. Poor food and water were also serious problems. When the rainy season came in October, diarrhea increased and we lost some of our children. We treated everyone who came to us, even soldiers carrying weapons, but only after they put their weapons away. We were told we would be safe. However, there were times when we were ordered not to go out at night. We listened to the radio to find out whether it was safe to go outside or not. ⑧ときには私たちは小さな難民キャンプに行った マドゥーから8キロ離れた ⑨私たちは朝から晩まで働いた ⑩マラリア、喘息、肺炎 これらの病気がもっともよく発生した ⑪食料と飲料水の不足も また深刻な問題だった ⑫10月に雨期がやってくると 下痢が増えた そして私たちは何人かの子どもを亡くした ⑬私たちは来る人はみんな手当てした たとえ武器を持っている兵士でも ただし彼らが武器をしまったあとにだけ ⑭私たちは安全だろうと言われた ⑮しかし、〜ときがあった 私たちが外出しないようにと命令される（とき） 夜に ⑯私たちはにラジオを聞いた 〜を知るため 外へ出ることが安全かどうか

  20. Section 2 <Japanese Translation> マドゥーには28,000人の難民がいましたが、小さな病院がひとつしかありませんでした。そこにはたったふたりの看護師とふたりのタミル人の医師、数人の通訳と保健指導員しかいませんでした。私たちにはもっとも簡単な医療機器しかありませんでした。古い機器でそんなに多くの人々を治療しなければならないことで、悲しい思いをすることもありました。 　私たちは、午前9時に治療を始めて、毎日150人ほどの患者を診察しました。彼らはタミル語を話しました。いくつかの簡単な質問をして、どんな治療をしたらよいのかを決めました。午後には8つのベッドで患者の治療をしました。患者はたいてい妊産婦と赤ちゃんでした。ときにはマドゥーから8キロ離れた小さな難民キャンプに行きました。私たちは朝から晩まで働きました。 　マラリアと喘息(ぜんそく)と肺炎、これらの病気がいちばん多いものでした。食料と飲料水が不足しているのも深刻な問題でした。10月に雨期に入ると下痢が増え、子どもたちを何人か失いました。私たちのところに来る人はみんな、たとえ武器を持っている兵士でも、私たちは手当てしました。ただし彼らが武器をしまってからですけれど。 　私たちは安全だと言われていました。しかし外出禁止の夜もありました。私たちはラジオを聞いて、外へ出ても大丈夫かどうか、情報を得ていました。

  21. Section 3 https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sr2sp8v7s3x15y5/AAAS4fcyiwLlDFd81gshV547a# https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwB5wGuE-nhuxfOCbJwHUC0PlzXysbc0v

  22. Section 3 <New Words> make a decision local situation lead A to B A as well as B limit immediately be beyond help oxygen breathing uncomfortable make a sign turn ... off simply~ not leave ... in the hands of God 【動】 決断する <総合2000> 【形】 現地の <総合1000> 【名】 状況 <総合1500> 【動】AをBに導く <総合1500> 【接】BだけでなくAも <総合2500> 【動】 を制限する 【副】 ただちに <総合2000> 【形】= cannot be helped <総合2500> 【名】 酸素 <総合3000> 【名】 呼吸 <総合3000> 【形】心地悪い 【動】 合図する 【動】...を止める <総合500> 【副】どうしても～ない <総合2000> 【動】...を神の手にゆだねる

  23. Section 3 <Reading - TRUE or FALSE> TRUE: Blue / FALSE: Red • Situations at Madhu was almost the same as developed countries. • The restricted use of medical stuff made their decisions difficult. • The situation of the five-year-old boy was solvable. • There were plenty of tanks of oxygen. • Dr. Kanto stopped the supply of oxygen herself. • She is not confident whether her decision was right or not. • Situations at Madhu was almost the same as developed countries. • The restricted use of medical stuff made their decisions difficult. • The situation of the five-year-old boy was solvable. • There were plenty of tanks of oxygen. • Dr. Kanto stopped the supply of oxygen herself. • She is not confident whether her decision was right or not.

  24. Section 3 <Reading - Questions> • Give a brief explanation for the decision Dr. Kanto made at the Mahdu refugee camp. • Why do you think the nurse couldn’t turn off the oxygen? • How do you think a doctor feel when they had to let his/her patient die?

  25. Section 3 <Dictation / Grammar / Vocabulary> The most difficult thing about our work at Madhu was making decisions. We had to think about the localsituation, because looking at the situation through Western or Japanese eyes couldleadus to make wrong decisions. Since our medicines as well as our medical equipment were very limited, we had to look at each situation as it happened and choose the best thing to do. I clearly remember the day when a woman brought her five-year-old boy to our hospital. I sawimmediately that he was beyondhelp. We gave him oxygen, but he was pale, his breathing was difficult, and the oxygen mask made him uncomfortable. He was not improving. We were using our last tank of oxygen. We didn’t know when the next tank was coming. If another person needing oxygen arrived, maybe this tank could save his or her life. I made my decision and made a sign to the nurse who was working with me to turn off the oxygen. The nurse simply couldn’t do it. I waited five seconds and then turned it off myself. I did it because I thought it best to leave the child in the hands of God. Was that the right decision? I still don’t know. (207 words)

  26. Section 3 <Speed-controlled Reading (1): 170 wpm> The most difficult thing about our work at Madhu was making decisions. We had to think about the local situation, because looking at the situation through Western or Japanese eyes could lead us to make wrong decisions. Since our medicines as well as our medical equipment were very limited, we had to look at each situation as it happened and choose the best thing to do. (66 words)

  27. Section 3 <Speed-controlled Reading (2): 170 wpm> I clearly remember the day when a woman brought her five-year-old boy to our hospital. I saw immediately that he was beyond help. We gave him oxygen, but he was pale, his breathing was difficult, and the oxygen mask made him uncomfortable. He was not improving. We were using our last tank of oxygen. We didn’t know when the next tank was coming. If another person needing oxygen arrived, maybe this tank could save his or her life. I made my decision and made a sign to the nurse who was working with me to turn off the oxygen. The nurse simply couldn’t do it. I waited five seconds and then turned it off myself. I did it because I thought it best to leave the child in the hands of God. Was that the right decision? I still don’t know. (141 words)

  28. Section 3 <Sight Translation> The most difficult thing about our work at Madhu was making decisions. We had to think about the local situation, because looking at the situation through Western or Japanese eyes could lead us to make wrong decisions. Since our medicines as well as our medical equipment were very limited, we had to look at each situation as it happened and choose the best thing to do. I clearly remember the day when a woman brought her five-year-old boy to our hospital. I saw immediately that he was beyond help. We gave him oxygen, ①もっとも困難なことは マドゥーでの私たちの仕事で 決定することだった ②私たちは考えなければならなかった この地域の状況について なぜなら状況を見ることは 西洋の、または日本の目で 誤った決定をさせることがあり得たからだ ③私たちの医薬品は〜なので 私たちの医療機器だけでなく 非常に制限されていた それぞれの事態を見なければならなかった それが生じるごとに そして最善のことを選ばねばならなかった ④私は〜日のことをはっきりと覚えている ひとりの女性が連れてきた（とき） 彼女の5歳の男児を 私たちの病院に ⑤私はすぐにわかった 彼はもう助かる見込みがないと ⑥私たちは彼に酸素を与えた

  29. but he was pale, his breathing was difficult, and the oxygen mask made him uncomfortable. He was not improving. We were using our last tank of oxygen. We didn’t know when the next tank was coming. If another person needing oxygen arrived, maybe this tank could save his or her life. I made my decision and made a sign to the nurse who was working with me to turn off the oxygen. The nurse simply couldn’t do it. I waited five seconds and then turned it off myself. I did itbecause I thought it best to leave the child in the hands of God. Was that the right decision? I still don’t know. しかし彼の顔は蒼白だった 彼の呼吸は困難だった そして酸素マスクは 彼を不快にさせた ⑦彼は回復していなかった ⑧私たちは最後の酸素タンクを使っていた ⑨私たちはわからなかった 次のタンクがいつ来るのか ⑩もし酸素を必要としているもう一人の人が来たら このタンクが救うことができるかもしれなかった彼または彼女の命を ⑪私は決意した そして看護師に合図をした 私といっしょに仕事をしている（看護師に） 酸素を止めるように ⑫その看護師はとてもそんなことはできなかった ⑬私は5秒待った そしてそれから自分でそれを止めた ⑭私はそれをした私はそれが最良だと思ったので その子ども（の命）を神の手に委ねること ⑮それは正しい決定だったのか ⑯私にはいまでもわからない

  30. Section 3 <Japanese Translation> 　マドゥーでの仕事で一番困難なことは判断を下すということでした。私たちはこの地域の状況について考えなければなりませんでした。というのは西洋的な、あるいは日本的な判断で状況を見ると、決定を誤ることがあり得るからです。私たちの医療機器だけでなく医薬品も非常に制限されていたので、ことあるごとにそれぞれの状況を検討し、最善の方法を選ばなければなりませんでした。 　私は、ひとりの女性が5歳の息子を私たちの病院に連れてきた日のことをはっきりと覚えています。私はすぐにその子どもがもう助かる見込みがないとわかりました。酸素吸入をしましたが顔面蒼白で、呼吸も絶え絶えで、しかも酸素マスクを嫌がりました。少年が快方に向かう兆しはありませんでした。私たちは、最後の酸素タンクを使っていました。次のタンクがいつ補充されるのかはわかりませんでした。もし酸素を必要としている別の患者が来たら、もしかするとこの酸素タンクがその人の命を救うことができるかもしれません。私は決意して、いっしょに仕事をしている看護師に（少年の）酸素を止めるように合図をしました。その看護師はとてもそんなことはできませんでした。私は5秒待ち、そして自分で酸素を止めました。その子どもの命を神の手にゆだねることが最良の方法だと考えたから、私はそうしたのです。それは正しい決断だったのでしょうか。私にはいまでもわかりません。

  31. Section 4 https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sr2sp8v7s3x15y5/AAAS4fcyiwLlDFd81gshV547a# https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwB5wGuE-nhuxfOCbJwHUC0PlzXysbc0v

  32. Section 4 <New Words> volunteer for ... a sense of ... compassion direction opportunity human being no longer countless courage object minority have confidence in ... put ... into action belief 【動】 ...を進んで引き受ける 【名】...の感覚 <総合1500> 【名】 思いやり、同情 【名】 方向性 <総合2000> 【名】 機会 <総合2000> 【名】 人間 <総合2000> 【副】 もはや～ない <総合2500> 【形】 数えきれないほどの 【名】 勇気 <総合2000> 【動】 反対する <総合3500> 【名】 少数派 <総合3000> 【動】...に自信を持つ <総合3000> 【動】...を実行に移す<総合2000> 【名】 信念 <総合2500>

  33. Section 4 <Reading - TRUE or FALSE> TRUE: Blue / FALSE: Red • Dr. Kanto spent half an year in Madhu, which was meaningful for her life. • During her stay in Madhu, she felt great pity for people in need. • As NSF has solved many problems, it is no longer necessary. • These days, there are many young people who have courage to cross the border. • Dr. Kanto spent half an year in Madhu, which was meaningful for her life. • During her stay in Madhu, she felt great pity for people in need. • As NSF has solved many problems, it is no longer necessary. • These days, there are many young people who have courage to cross the border.

  34. Section 4 <Reading - Questions> • Why does Dr. Kanto believe that we can get as much as we give by engaging in volunteer work? • For Dr. Kanto, what do you think it is to live as a human being? • What is YOUR BORDER and how can you go BEYOND BORDERS?

  35. Section 4 <Dictation / Grammar / Vocabulary> My six months in Madhupassed quickly, but they were very important to me as they gave true meaning to my life and work. The work of NGOs like MSF is helping to solve many of the world’s problems, but there is so much more to do. It is my hope that many more Japanese will volunteer forsuch work, go and see more of the world, and begin to have a sense of compassion for people who need help. Such volunteers will find that they get as much as they give. In my own case, the experience not only gave direction to my life but also gave me an opportunity to think about what it is to live as a human being. I plan to join MSF again and continue working with them until MSF is no longer necessary. There are still countless sick and injured people all over the world. Crossingthe border takes courage—your family and friends may object—but if it seems to you the right thing to do, follow your heart. You might find yourself in the minority, but haveconfidence in yourself and have the courage to put your beliefs into action. (199 words)

  36. Section 4 <Speed-controlled Reading (1): 170 wpm> My six months in Madhu passed quickly, but they were very important to me as they gave true meaning to my life and work. The work of NGOs like MSF is helping to solve many of the world’s problems, but there is so much more to do. It is my hope that many more Japanese will volunteer for such work, go and see more of the world, and begin to have a sense of compassion for people who need help. Such volunteers will find that they get as much as they give. ..... (92 words)

  37. Section 4 <Speed-controlled Reading (2): 170 wpm> ..... In my own case, the experience not only gave direction to my life but also gave me an opportunity to think about what it is to live as a human being. I plan to join MSF again and continue working with them until MSF is no longer necessary. There are still countless sick and injured people all over the world. Crossing the border takes courage—your family and friends may object—but if it seems to you the right thing to do, follow your heart. You might find yourself in the minority, but have confidence in yourself and have the courage to put your beliefs into action. (107 words)

  38. Section 4 <Sight Translation> My six months in Madhu passed quickly, but they were very important to me as they gave true meaning to my life and work. The work of NGOs like MSF is helping to solve many of the world’s problems, but there is so much more to do. It is my hope that many more Japanese will volunteer for such work, go and see more of the world, and begin to have a sense of compassion for people who need help. Such volunteers will find that they get as much as they give. ①私のマドゥーでの6か月は あっという間に過ぎた しかしそれらは私にとってとても重要だった それらは真の意義を与えてくれたので 私の人生と仕事に ②MSFの様な非政府組織の仕事は 解決するのに役立っている 世界の問題の多くを しかしすべきことがもっとたくさんある ③それは私の願いだ もっと多くの日本人が 自ら進んでこのような仕事をするだろうこと 世界をより広く行って見てくる（こと） そして持ち始める（こと） 深い同情心を 援助の必要な人々に対して ④そのようなボランティアの人たちはわかるだろう 彼らは与えるのと同じくらい得るということを

  39. In my own case, the experience not only gave directionto my life but also gave me an opportunity to think about what it is to live as a human being. I plan to join MSF again and continue working with them until MSF is no longer necessary. There are still countless sick and injured people all over the world. Crossing the border takes courage - your family and friends may object - but if it seems to you the right thing to do, follow your heart. You might find yourself in the minority, but have confidence in yourself and have the courage to put your beliefs into action. ⑤私自身の場合は この経験は 私の人生に目的を与えただけでなく 　私に機会も与えた それがどういうことなのかについて考える 人間として生きることが ⑥私はまたMSFに参加するつもりだ そして彼らとともに働き続ける（つもりだ） MSFがもう必要がなくなるまで ⑦まだ数え切れないほどの 病気の人々や傷ついた人々がいる 世界中に ⑧国境を越えることは勇気を必要とする あなたの家族や友人は反対するかもしれない しかしそれがあなたにとって すべき正しいことのように思えるのなら あなたの気持ちに従いなさい ⑨あなたは自分が少数派だと気づくかもしれない しかし自分に自信を持ちなさい そして勇気を持ちなさい あなたの信念を実行に移す

  40. Section 4 <Japanese Translation> 　マドゥーでの6か月はあっという間に過ぎてしまいました。それは私の人生と仕事に真の意義を与えてくれたので、私にとって、とても重要でした。 MSFのような非政府組織の仕事は世界の多くの問題を解決するのに役立っていますが、やらなくてはならないことがもっとたくさんあります。もっと多くの日本人が自ら進んでこのような仕事をし、より広く世界を見に行って、援助の必要な人々に対して深い同情心を持ち始めてくれることが私の願いです。そのようなボランティアの人たちは、与えるのと同じくらい多くのことを得るということがわかるでしょう。私自身の場合には、この経験によって、人生の目的を見つけただけでなく、人間として生きるということがどういうことなのかについて考える機会を得ることができました。私はまたMSFに参加するつもりです。そしてMSFがもう必要がないというそのときまで彼らとともに働き続けるつもりです。世界中にはまだ数え切れないほどの病気の人や傷ついた人々がいるのです。 　境界線を越えるには勇気が必要です。あなたの家族や友人は反対するかもしれません。しかしそれが正しいことだと思うのなら、自分の気持ちに従ってください。数からいえば自分が少数派だと気づくこともあるかもしれませんが、自分に自信を持って、そして信念を実行に移す勇気を持ってください。

  41. Let’s watch movies!

  42. Watch the movie clips and answer the questions following using as many expressions as possible from each movie clip and the textbook. You need the conclusion first and reasons following. It should be around 80 words. Q1. [PATCH ADAMS] What factors do you need to possess when helping people in need? Q2. [MY SISTER’S KEEPER] What do you think is important when making decisions in a “Triage situation?” 中上クラスのWriting課題でっしゅ。考査にも関わるのでしっかり書いてね～。よろしく～っしゅ！ ドングリッシュ

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