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Tropical Rainforest Ecology

Tropical Rainforest Ecology. Rainforest Animal Life. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys. Capuchin – most commonly seen monkey; medium size brown to black body; pale face surrounded by whitish fur; move in troops; eat fruits, leaves, arthropods, & sometimes small mammals. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys.

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Tropical Rainforest Ecology

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  1. Tropical Rainforest Ecology Rainforest Animal Life

  2. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys • Capuchin – most commonly seen monkey; medium size brown to black body; pale face surrounded by whitish fur; move in troops; eat fruits, leaves, arthropods, & sometimes small mammals

  3. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys • Spider – large size but very slender brown to black body; pale face surrounded by whitish fur; long prehensile tail; move in troops; eat fruits & leaves; brachiation

  4. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys • Mantled howler – large robust size; black body w/tan on sides and back; bearded face; prehensile tail; loud voice @ dusk & dawn; primarily eat leaves; prefers canopy

  5. Rainforest Mammals: Monkeys • Geoffrey’s tamarin – small and squirrel-like; long tail not prehensile; like forest gaps; eat insects & fruits; red nape & highly patterned body; often have twins

  6. Rainforest Mammals:Monkeys • C.A. Squirrel – endangered species; smaller size w/extremely long black-tipped tail; white mask and ears; very active fruit eater • Night monkeys – entirely nocturnal; tail not prehensile

  7. Rainforest Mammals: Rodents • Agouti – diurnal; large & guinea pig-like; tailless; sit upright to eat seeds

  8. Rainforest Mammals: Rodents • Paca – nocturnal; near water; like large agouti w/white stripes

  9. Rainforest Mammals:Rodents • Capybara – diurnal; largest rodent in the world; aquatic; feeds on aquatic vegetation • Spiny rat – nocturnal; spines in fur; on forest floor • variegated squirrel – arboreal

  10. Rainforest Mammals: Peccaries • Collared – smaller size and herds; pig-like; collar of hair at shoulder;roots for food • White-lipped – larger size and herd; white hair around mouth; eats larger hardened fruits (e.g. palm fruits)

  11. Rainforest Mammals • Baird’s tapir – odd-toed ungulate; almost hairless; long proboscis; eat only vegetable matter; most active at night

  12. Rainforest Mammals • Anteaters – sharp curved claws; long sticky tongue; long snout • Northern tamandua – prehensile tail • Giant anteater - large size; bushy tail

  13. Rainforest Mammals • Three-toedsloth • two-toed sloth

  14. Rainforest Mammals: Raccoons & Relatives • Northern raccoon – longer pelage; lighter feet and legs • Crab-eating raccoon – shorter pelage; darker feet and legs • White-nosed Coati – highly pointed nose; holds faintly ringed tail straight up; omnivorous

  15. Rainforest Mammals: Raccoons Relatives • Kinkajou – already discussed • Olingo – faintly ringed tail, not prehensile

  16. Rainforest Mammals: Weasel Relatives • Tayra – black bushy tail • Grison – black face w/white stripe across forehead and ears; carnivore

  17. Rainforest Mammals:Cats • Jaguar & Ocelot • Margay – small nocturnal spotted cat; climber; carnivorous • Jaguarundi – diurnal & common; not a climber; not spotted

  18. Rainforest Mammals: Opposums • descent diversity exists in this group of marsupials due to adaptive radiation • Virginia, woolly, mouse, four-eyed, short bare-tailed, & water opposums

  19. Rainforest Reptiles:Pitvipers • All are poisonous • Tend to be secretive and nocturnal • Not frequently encountered • Pits for detecting warm-blooded prey • Retractable fangs to deliver venom • Slit pupils • Many non-poisonous snakes in the neotropics will mimic pitvipers, so always err on the side of caution

  20. Rainforest Reptiles:Pitvipers • Fer-de-lance – large (4-8 ft.); arrowhead-shaped head; tan w/dark brown diamond pattern; tend to hunt @ night; extremely poisonous

  21. Rainforest Reptiles:Pitvipers • Eyelash palm-pitviper – eye scales; highly variable in color; arboreal; prehensile tail; feeds on tree frogs, anoles & hummingbirds

  22. Rainforest Reptiles:Pitvipers • Jumping pitviper – short & thick; alleged to hurl itself when threatened; venom not as potent as most

  23. Rainforest Reptiles:Pitvipers • Bushmaster – largest pitviper in the world, 6.5-14 ft.; often coil at bases of large trees; typically nocturnal

  24. Rainforest Reptiles:Coral Snakes • Poisonous • Brightly colored red, yellow, & black bands • Small fangs to chew in venom • Neurotoxic venom • Round pupils • Active both day & night

  25. Rainforest Reptiles:Boas • Non-poisonous • Constrictors • Elongated heads • Boa constrictor – larger (5-6 ft.) • Rainbow boa – smaller (3 ft.)

  26. Rainforest Reptiles:Other Non-poisonous Snakes • Vine snakes – very thin; feed on lizards • Indigo snake – up to 10 ft. long; gloss black

  27. Rainforest Reptiles:Other Non-poisonous Snakes • Chunk-headed snake – extremely thin w/big head & eyes; arboreal

  28. Rainforest Reptiles:Lizards • Iguanas – large & common (already discussed) • Anoles – small; sharply pointed nose • Basilisk (JC lizard) – common; run fast up on hind legs

  29. Rainforest Reptiles:Lizards • Tegus – some of largest lizards in neotropics; eat small animals (chickens) - common, northern, & red species

  30. Rainforest Reptiles:Lizards • Geckos – small, suction cup toes; extremely common, arthropod eaters

  31. Rainforest Amphibians:Frogs • Tree frogs – small; arboreal; have suction cup toes; some camouflaged, some brightly colored - Gaudy leaf frog – one of most well known species

  32. Rainforest Amphibians:Frogs • Poison dart tree frogs

  33. Rainforest Amphibians:Frogs • Glass tree frog • Giant cane toad • Smokey frog

  34. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Termites – social; form massive colonies on trees; mutualism with protozoa • Army ants – already discussed

  35. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Giant tropical ant (bullet ant) – tend to be solitary; both terrestrial & arboreal; extremely potent sting

  36. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Giant tropical cockroach – very large; nocturnal; common near bat guano

  37. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Harlequin beetle – very large w/long antennae; wood borer

  38. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Rhinoceros beetle – very large; males w/long horn; wood-feeding grub

  39. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Lantern fly – very large; plant sap feeder; multiple defense mechanisms

  40. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Owl butterfly • Black witch moth

  41. Rainforest Invertebrates:Insects • Blue morpho • Butterfly congregations at liquids

  42. Rainforest Invertebrates:Other Arthropods • Forest floor millipede – non-poisonous; herbivore; repugnatorial glands • Peripatus – “velvet worms”; non-poisonous; capture prey w/glue

  43. Rainforest Vertebrates:Birds • Oilbirds – nocturnal; cave dweller • Tinamou

  44. Rainforest Vertebrates:Birds • Chachalaca – • Guan – • Curassow -

  45. Rainforest Vertebrates:Birds • Toucan –

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