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The Ideals of Enlightenment Thinkers and the American Revolution

Explore the beliefs of philosophers like Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, and how their ideas influenced the American Revolution against British mercantilism and oppressive acts like the Stamp Act and Quartering Act.

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The Ideals of Enlightenment Thinkers and the American Revolution

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Tell me what these guys believed in! • Locke- • Voltaire- • Rousseau- • Montesquieu-

  2. The American Revolution

  3. Background • British Gov’t had over 10,000 troops in the colonies post F&I War to protect the colonists from Natives • The war debt from the F&I War was 140 million £ • Focus was to cut costs and increase revenues

  4. Mercantilism • Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country • Labor intensive cash crops create a need for cheap labor • Triangle trade develops • Raw materials from colonies to GB.

  5. Enlightenment Ideas • Locke- Natural Rights • Voltaire- Free Speech • Rousseau- Social Contract • Montesquieu- Checks and Balances

  6. Proclamation of 1763 • Attempted to keep the colonists from expanding to western areas by outlawing land purchases. • Believed this would keep the conflict between natives and colonists down • Less soldiers needed to keep peace. • Save £

  7. Revenue Act of 1764The Sugar Act • Strengthened an already existing tax on molasses that was seldom ever collected • Lowered the tax amount • Taxed other items ex: silk and wine • Created a booming smuggling business

  8. Quartering Act of 1765 • Required colonists to house, feed and care for soldiers.

  9. Stamp Act • Required a tax stamp on all printed materials • Caused protest and Boycott • Repealed in 1766

  10. Townshend Act • Revenue Act- tax on lead, glass, paper and tea. • Legalized the use of writs of assistance-general search warrants.

  11. Boston Massacre- • Citizens were harassing troops, eventually chaos erupted and the troops opened fire, killed 5 and wounded 6

  12. Reaction • Brits repealed the Townsend acts but kept tea tax • Boston Tea Party- Tea act allowed BEIC to sell its tea cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. Angry merchants seize a ship and dump the tea. 342 chests worth

  13. Intolerable Acts • Response to Boston Tea Party • Shut down the Port of Boston • Banned Town Meetings • Suspended the right to a jury trial

  14. Response • First Continental Congress • Met in Philadelphia in 1774 • Organized economic boycott • Military Preparations underway • Minutemen

  15. Concord and Lexington • Rumors of large weapons caches outside of Boston • General Gage marches troops to investigate • 700 British Regulars march on April 18 1775 • Paul Revere William Dawes and Samuel Prescott lead the warning

  16. April 19 • British troops march into Lexington • Only meet 70 Minutemen • Fight lasts 15 minutes and they find nothing • On the return trip they are ambushed and take great casualties

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