Presentation Transcript

1. The 13 English Colonies Chapter 4
2. Puritans leave England Puritans left England for Massachusetts during 1630 Looking to reform Church not separate from it. Organ music Finely decorated houses of worship Special clothing for priests Powerful in England Small farmers Well educated Merchants and landowners Charles I disapproved of the Purtiains
3. Massachusetts 1629 Puritan leaders persuaded royals for a charter to the Massachusetts Bay area. Wanted to set up a colony and society based on biblical laws and teaching Younger sons moved to Mass Bay area for cheap land Chance to start a business
4. Governing the colony 1630 John Winthrop and 1000 settlers arrived. Winthrop was first governor All men who were church members could vote. Elected governor and representatives to the Great Court. 1630-1640 the colony prospered. 15,000 men, women and children made the journey. ( Great Migration)
5. Connecticut Puritan leaders did not like anyone to question their religion or form of government. Forced colonists to leave Thomas Hooker led 100 settlers out to the Connecticut River and built the town of Hartford Hooker believed the government and church officals had to much power. Hooker and other settlers wrote a plan called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639
6. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Set up like that of the government of Massachusetts with two differences All men could vote as long as they owned property, even if they were not members of the church Limited the governor’s power Expanded the idea of representative government
7. Rhode Island Roger Williams, a young minister in Salem, challenged the leaders of Mass. believed Puritan church had to much power Williams' view was the business of church and state should be separate. Thought political affairs would corrupt the church State should only maintain order and peace
8. Religious Tolerance Williams felt the Puritan leaders should not force none puritans to go to religious services. He believed in religious tolerance. Religious tolerance is a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. Williams allowed for everyone to worship freely Protestants, Catholics, and Jews
9. Anne Hutchinson Devout Puritan who was forced to leave Mass. She and friends would discuss the minister’s serman after church. Church leaders grew angry Said Hutchinson’s views were in error Women had no right to explain God’s law Hutchinson was called to trial They found that she broke no Puritan laws She said God spoke to her directly
10. New Hampshire Trading and fishing villages lived friendly with Indians at first. 1670 nearly 45,000 settlers had taken over a great amount of Indian land. 1675 a large fight between Indian groups and New England colonies started. Metacom, King Phillip, chief of the Wampanoag attacked villages throughout New England.
11. Life in New England Religion and Family Took Sabbath(holy day) serious Could not play games Visit taverns to joke, talk, or drink Law required every citizen to attend church(lasted all day) Women on one side men on the other Indians and slave stood in balcony Children had separate pews where an adult watched over them. Government Town meetings, settlers discussed and voted on many issues Puritan laws were strict 15 crimes had the death penalty. Witchcraft 1692 Puritans in Salem burned 20 men and women as witches.
12. Life in New England Economy Rocky soil was poor for farming Indians taught them how to grow corn, squash, pumpkins, and beans Hunted deer and turkey Cut down trees and turned it into lumber Fished for cod and halibut Hunted whales for its blubber and bones.
13. Section 2 The Middle Colonies
14. New Netherland Becomes New York Fur trading made New Netherland thrive. To encourage farming land grants were given out. Owners of these huge estates were known as patroons. Each patroon promised to start 50 farms on the land for the grant.
15. Religious Freedom New Amsterdam was a large trading center Attracted to the chance to practice religion freely. Slaves were in high demand. Made up a quarter of the population. Dutch were mainly Protestants who belonged to the Dutch Reform Church. England took over New Netherlands and King Charles II gave it to his brother Duke of York
16. New Jersey Set up because New York was to large to govern. Duke of York gave part of the land to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. The colony was a Proprietary colony. Proprietary colony- the king gave land to one or more people in return for a yearly payment.
17. Proprietary Colony Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent to whom ever they wanted. Made their own laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under English law
18. New Jersey becomes a Royal Colony 1702 NJ becomes a royal colony. Royal colony is a colony under direct control of the English crown. The colonies charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly that voted on all matters
19. Pennsylvania William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681. Came from a wealthy English Family At 22 Penn shocked his family and friends by join the most hated religious group in England, the Quakers.
20. Quakers Protestant reformers Went further with reform than the Pilgrims and Puritans Believe that all men, women, nobles, and commoners were equal in God’s eyes Allowed women to preach in public Did not remove hats in the presence of nobles. Refused to serve in army . Quakers in both England and New England were fined, jailed, or even hanged for their ideas
21. Policy of Fairness Penn believed in religious freedom King Charles II told Penn to turn away all Catholics and Jews. Penn believed in treating the Native Americans with respect Settlers should pay for the land that they take Indians respected Penn Stayed friendly for a long time
22. Growing Colony Penn send pamphlets all over Europe describing his colony. Settlers came from : England, Scotland, Wales, Netherlands, France, and Germany The German Settlers were known as Pennsylvania Dutch Slaves Also Arived 1730-1750 slaved made up 1/3 of the population Penn Named the capital Philadelphia. Greek word Meaning “brotherly love”
23. Delaware Part of Pennsylvania Know as Lower counties Settlers never wanted to send delegates so far from home. 1704 Delaware broke away from Pennsylvania.
24. Life in the Middle Colonies Economy Wheat, barley, oats, and rye were cash crops. Cash Crops-crops that are sold for money at market. Cattle and pigs Large Farms Center of manufacturing Clocks, watches, locks, guns, glass,etc.. Homes Houses were spread apart. Counties became center of government Houses reflected the people that settled there. House holds were self sufficient.
25. The Southern Colonies Section 3
26. Mason- Dixon Line Divided Southern Colonies from the rest of the colonies Southern Colonies developed a way of life different of that of the Middle and New England Colonies
27. Maryland Sir George Calvert wanted a colony just for Catholics. Died before he could get colony underway. Cecil, Lord Baltimore, Calvert pushed his fathers plan forward. 200 colonist landed in the upper Chesapeake Bay across from Virginia. Land of Plenty Fish Oysters crabs
28. Growing a colony St. Mary was the first city. Gave land grants to anyone who would bring servants, Women, and children Margaret and Mary Brent 9 male servents 2 plantations 1000 acres each.
29. Religious Tolerance Allowed Protestants and Catholics Act of Toleration(1649)- provided religious freedom to call Christians. Except Jews Set up to protect the Catholics right to worship
30. Bacons rebellion
31. Carolinas 1663 8 nobles received land grant from Charles the II Northern Area( North Carolina,1712) were poor tobacco farmers from Virginia. Had small farms. Southern Area( South Carolina, 1719) rich farmers Largest settlement- Charles Town (Charleston)
32. Rise in Slavery 1685 rice was found to grow well in the swampy areas on the coast. Used slaves imported from areas in Africa where rice was grown. Rice became Carolina’s cash crop South Carolina grew Indigo- Used to make valuable blue dye
33. Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732 Wanted the colony to be for debtors- people who owed money they could not pay back, to have a new start. 1733 Savannah was built Strict laws against slavery( later reversed to allow for growth)
34. Growth in slave trade Slavery in Africa was part of social and economic system. Slaves from Africa would be crammed tightly under the decks. Most died of illness or starvation Last 400 years and cost the lives of over 3 million Africans Slave Codes- treated enslaved Africans not as human but as property
35. Roots in Self -Government Section 4
36. England Regulates Trade England believed that the colonies should benefit the home country. Mercantilism- nation became strong by keeping strict control over its trade. Mercantilists thought a country should export more than it imported. Exports- goods sent to markets outside the country Imports- goods brought to a country.
37. Navigation Acts England put a limit on who the colonies could trade with. Navigation Acts- regulated the trade between England and its colonies. Ensured only England benefited from English trade. Only English or colonial ships could carry good from colonies. Benefited the colonies and England
38. Slave and Rum trade Merchants from New England were called Yankees Triangle trade-the three legs of the route formed a triangle. 1st leg: New England ships carried fish, lumber, and other goods to West Indies Bought molasses and sugar to make rum 2nd leg: carried guns, rum, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa. Traded these goods for slaves 3rd leg: carried slaves to West Indies Traded or bought more molasses and sugar
39. Colonial Government Each colony had a legislature Legislature- group of people that have power to make laws. Upper house –advisors appointed by governor Lower house- elected assembly Each colony had its own laws on who had a right to vote 1720 only white Christain men over the age 21 who owned land could vote
40. English Bill of Rights Bill of rights-a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect English Bill of Rights gave anyone accused of a crime the right of a trial by jury English colonies had more freedoms but less rights than that of English citizens.