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The English Colonies. Chapter 3. The Southern Colonies. Chapter 3 – 1 . The Lost Colony of Roanoke . The Lost Colony of Roanoke. The British made several attempts to establish a base on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean but failed many time.
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The English Colonies Chapter 3
The Southern Colonies Chapter 3 – 1
The Lost Colony of Roanoke • The British made several attempts to establish a base on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean but failed many time. • Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim any land in North America not already owned by a Christian monarchy.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert Sir Walter Raleigh
Raleigh sent an expedition to look for a good place to settle. • He decided to settle off the coast of North Carolina on Roanoke Island. • In 1585, Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle on Roanoke Island. • After a difficult winter on the island, the unhappy colonists returned to England. • Two years later Raleigh tried again, sending 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children to Roanoke. • John White, a mapmaker and artist, led the group.
The settlers needed many supplies. • Soooo, White sailed to Britain • for supplies • to recruit more settlers • He returned 3 years later. • When White finally returned to Roanoke, he found it deserted. • The only clue to the fate of the settlers was the word Croatoan carved on a tree.
Jamestown Settlement • One group of merchants, the Virginia Company of London, received a charter to organize a settlement in a region of America known as Virginia. • The company sent 144 settlers in 3 ships to build a new colony in North America.
Settlers objectives: • Look for gold • Establish trade in fish and furs • 40 settlers died during the voyage. • The ships entered the Chesapeake Bay and settled in an area in which they named Jamestown, in honor of King James I. • The settlers built Jamestown on a peninsula • Positives: • so they could defend it from attack • Negatives: • swampy land full of mosquitoes • very humid • lacked good farmland • surrounded by Native Americans.
The colonist were unaccustomed to hard labor. • Settlers searched for gold and silver instead of growing food. • disease and hunger became problems • By January 1608, when ships arrived w/ additional men and supplies, only 38 of the 104 original colonist remained alive.
John Smith Governing Jamestown • The colony survived its 2nd year under the leadership of John Smith. • Smith instituted the “if you do not work, you do not eat” policy. • Also, he managed to get corn from the Powhatan people.
The colonist barely survived the strict winter of 1609 – 1610, called the “starving time.” • Trouble also broke out w/ the Native Americans. • When new settlers arrived in May, they found only 60 survivors.
No gold and silver but they did figure out how to make $$$... TOBACCO! • Tobacco was very popular in Europe. • One colonist, John Rolfe, learned to grow a type of tobacco that was less bitter. • John Rolfe married the daughter of the Powhatan Chief, Pocahontas. • Relations w/ the Powhatan Indians improved
Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy young planter, was a leader in the western part of VA. • Some westerners settled in the forbidden lands and then blamed the government for not protecting them from Native American raids. • In 1676, Bacon led the angry westerners in attacks on Native American villages. • The governor declared Bacon a rebel. • Bacon’s army marched to Jamestown, set fire to the capital, and drove the governor into exile (hiding). • Only Bacon’s sudden illness and death stopped him from taking over VA. • British troops helped the governor restore order and end the rebellion. • This became known as Bacon’s Rebellion.
Catholics in Maryland • Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, wanted to establish a safe place for his fellow Catholics, who were being persecuted in England. • He also hoped that a colony would make him rich. • Lord Baltimore died before creating this colony. • His son, Cecilius Calvert took charge of the colony. Calvert later changed his name to the new Lord Baltimore.
Lord Baltimore • To reduce tension among various groups, Lord Baltimore passed the Toleration Act of 1649. • This act made it a crime to restrict the religious beliefs of Christians.
The Carolinas • King Charles II issued two charters to create a colony. • The colony was called Carolina, which means “Charles’s land.” • North • Farmers from VA settled in the northern parts of Carolina • grew tobacco and sold timber and tar • coast offered no good harbor… relied on VA • South • more prosperous • fertile farmland and a good harbor. • Rice became the colony’s leading crop. • Indigo was discovered. • Indigo is used to dye textiles (clothes).
Carolina Tension between the north and the south….. North Carolina Small farmers in the North South Carolina Wealthy planters in the South
Georgia • The leader of this colony was General James Oglethorpe. • Created for • English debtors • Poor people to settle to make a fresh start • military barrier between (British) South Carolina and Spanish Florida
The New England Colonies Chapter 3 - 2
Massachusetts A demand for religious freedom!Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth
Protestants ( followers of the Anglican Church) • Puritans wanted to change or reform the church. • Pilgrims wanted to break away from it altogether and form a new church.
The Pilgrims journeyed to America in search of religious freedom in their ship, the Mayflower. • The leader of the Pilgrims was William Bradford. • They settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
The Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact to create order in their colony • In the Mayflower Compact, the Pilgrims: • Pledged their loyalty to Britain • Declared their intention of forming a government • Promised to obey the laws passed for the good of the colony
In their first winter in America, almost ½ of the Pilgrims died of malnutrition, disease, and cold. • In the spring, a few Native Americans approached the settlement. • Two of them, Squanto and Samoset, befriended the colonist • showed them how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkin and • Showed them where to hunt and fish. • helped the Pilgrims make a treaty w/ the Native Americans who lived in the area
In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims invited the Native Americans to celebrate the peace between them. • During the feast, the Pilgrims thanked God for the harvest and for their survival. • This was the first Thanksgiving in America!
Massachusetts Bay • Some Puritans looked for a way to leave Britain because they were being persecuted by the king because of their religion. • A group of Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, North of Plymouth.
The Puritans wanted a society based on the Bible and their own beliefs. • John Winthrop was chosen to be the governor. • Winthrop led 1,000 men, women and children in 11 ships to Massachusetts Bay. • Most of them settled in a place they called Boston. • Winthrop wanted the Massachusetts Bay (Boston) colony to be “a city upon a hill.”
John Winthrop What did John Winthrop mean when he called Boston ‘A city upon a Hill’?
During the 1630s, religious persecution in Britain drove more than 15,000 Puritans to journey to Massachusetts. • The Great Migration. • The Puritans had come to America to put their religious beliefs into practice. • Yet, they were unwilling to allow other religious groups the freedom to practice their beliefs. • The Puritans persecuted people who held other religious view.
Connecticut • Thomas Hooker didn’t like the way Massachusetts was being governed. • So he left Massachusetts and created Connecticut • He heard good reports of the Connecticut farmland. • They adopted a plan of government called the Fundamental Order of Connecticut. • This was the 1st written constitution in America.
Rhode Island • Roger Williams was a minister in Massachusetts. He believed: • people should be free to follow any religious practices. • the church and the government should be separate. • wrong to take land from Native Americans.
The ideas of Roger Williams disturbed the Puritans so…….they banished him from the Massachusetts. • Williams left Massachusetts and took refuge w/ the Native Americans. • Williams received a charter for a colony E of Connecticut called Rhode Island.
