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The Dark Ages: An Overview of the Early Middle Ages

The Dark Ages, also known as the Early Middle Ages, began after the fall of the Roman Empire. During this period, Europe experienced significant isolation as trade came to a halt and invasions by groups like the Goths, Vandals, and Franks disrupted society. Charlemagne briefly unified regions like Italy, Germany, and France through Christianity and education. The feudal system emerged, establishing a hierarchy of knights, nobles, and vassals, centered around land protection. Women in noble families managed households and upheld their roles while men were away fighting.

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The Dark Ages: An Overview of the Early Middle Ages

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  1. Early Middle Ages

  2. Dark Ages • Time after Roman Empire fell • They were cut off of more advanced civilizations • Invaders came in, trade stopped and people left • This time is also called the “Middle Ages”

  3. Germanic Kingdoms • Came in and conquered parts of Europe after Roman Empire collapsed. • Goths, Vandals, Saxons and Franks • Mainly were farmers and herders • No written laws or cities • Smaller communities that government themselves

  4. Charlemagne • Grandson of the king of the Franks • Briefly united Europe (where Italy, Germany and France are today) • He used Christianity and education to unify new nation

  5. Vikings • Ended unified nation that Charlemagne built by taking over land • Originated in Scandinavia • Expert sailors, traders and explorers

  6. Feudal System • Feudal system= based on social class and protection of land • Lesser lords, called vassals, pledged service and loyalty to the powerful lord • Feudal system was put in place for protection from invaders!

  7. Knights and Nobles • A knight is a mounted warrior. Nobles trained for this at boyhood. • Fought on horseback with weapons • Wore armor and carried shields • Also fought in mock battles called tournaments • Defended castles owned by the lords

  8. Noblewomen • Took over the “man” roles where they lived while they were off fighting • Supervised vassals, managed household and farming tasks • Could inherit land as part of their marriage dowry (gift) • Sent to be trained in basic fighting skills prior to marriage • Once married, expected to bear many children and be loyal to husband

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