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Introduction to Computers

Introduction to Computers. Objectives. Next. Recognize the importance of computer literacy. Distinguish between system software and application software. Define the term, computer. Describe the categories of computers. Identify the components of a computer.

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Introduction to Computers

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  1. Introduction toComputers

  2. Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Distinguish between system software and application software Define the term, computer Describe the categories of computers Identify the componentsof a computer Identify the elements of an information system Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Describe the various types of computer users Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss various computer applications in society Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

  3. A World of Computers Next What is computer literacy (digital literacy)? • Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses • Computers are everywhere p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1

  4. What Is a Computer? Processes data into information Conveys meaning and isuseful to people Acceptsdata Collection of unprocessed items Produces and stores results Next How is a computer defined? • Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory p. 6

  5. What Is a Computer? Next What is the information processing cycle? • Input • Process • Output • Storage • Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2

  6. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is an input device? • Hardware used to enter data and instructions p. 7 Fig. 1-3

  7. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is an output device? • Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3

  8. The Components of a Computer Next What is the system unit? • Case that containsthe electronic components of the computer that are used to process data p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3

  9. The Components of a Computer Next What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 8

  10. The Components of a Computer Next What is storage? • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media • Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device • Records and retrieves items to and from storage media p. 8

  11. The Components of a Computer Next What is a USB flash drive? • Portable storage device • Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket • The average USB flash drivecan hold about 2 billioncharacters p. 8

  12. The Components of a Computer Next What is a hard disk? • Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive • Some hard disks are external: • A separate free-standing unit, whereas you insert and remove a removable hard disk from the computer or a device connected to the computer. p. 8 Fig. 1-4

  13. The Components of a Computer Next What is a compact disc? • Flat, round, portable metal disc • CD • DVD p. 9 Fig. 1-5

  14. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,satellites, and other transmission media p. 9

  15. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Reliability Speed Consistency Storage Communications Next What are the advantages of using computers? p. 10

  16. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Next What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation ofPrivacy Public Safety Impact onLabor Force Health Risks Impact onEnvironment p. 10 - 11

  17. Networks and the Internet Next What is a network? • Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Saves time and money Data Information p. 11

  18. Networks and the Internet Next What is a server? • A server controls access to resources on a network • Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server p. 11 Fig. 1-6

  19. Networks and the Internet Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetbelow Chapter 1 Next What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals p. 12 Fig. 1-7

  20. Networks and the Internet Next Why do users access the Internet? • Communications Research and Information Shopping Banking and Investing Classes Entertainment 7.Download Music 8. Share Information p. 12 - 13 Fig. 1-8

  21. Networks and the Internet Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Sharing Videos below Chapter 1 Next What is the Web? • Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages p. 12 - 14

  22. Computer Software Next What is software? Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computerwhat to do and how to do it Also called aprogram p. 15

  23. Computer Software Next What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons • Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information p. 15 Fig. 1-10

  24. Computer Software Next What issystem software? • Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programsallow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows Vista below Chapter 1 p. 15-16

  25. Computer Software Next What isapplication software? • Programs designed to make users more productive Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics p. 16 Fig. 1-11

  26. Computer Software Next JavaScript What is aprogrammer? • Someone who developssoftware • Programmer writesthe instructions todirect the computer to process data intoinformation Web application p. 18 Fig. 1-13

  27. Categories of Computers Next What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers(desktop) Mobile Computers andMobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19

  28. Personal Computers Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 Next What is a personal computer? • A computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. • Contains a processor, memory, one or more input, output, storage devices and communication device. p. 19 - 20 Figs. 1-15–1-16

  29. Personal Computers Next What is adesktop computer? • Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15

  30. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What is anotebook computer? • Portable, small enough to fit on your lap • Also called a laptop computer • Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities p. 20 Fig. 1-17

  31. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What is aTablet PC? • A special type of notebook computer, resembling a letter-sized slate • Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen • Especially useful for taking notes p. 21 Fig. 1-18

  32. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What are mobile devices? Three popular types of Mobile devices: handheld computers, PDAs, smart phones Small enough tocarry in a pocket but usually do not have disk drives Internet-enabledtelephone is a“smart phone” p. 21 - 22

  33. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next What is ahandheld computer? p. 21 Fig. 1-19

  34. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What is apersonal digital assistant (PDA)? • Provides personal organizer functions • Calendar • Appointment book • Address book • Calculator • Notepad p. 21 Fig. 1-20

  35. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click iPhone below Chapter 1 Next What is asmart phone? • An internet-enabled phone that usually also provides PDAs capabilities. • In addition to basic phone capabilities, it allows one to send and receive e-mail messages and access the Web. p. 22 Fig. 1-21

  36. Game Consoles Next What aregame consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games p. 22 Fig. 1-22

  37. Servers Next What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage MainframeVery powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users SupercomputerThe fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 23 Figs. 1-23 – 1-25

  38. Embedded Computers Next What is an embedded computer? • A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig. 1-26

  39. Elements of an Information System Next What are information system elements? • Hardware • Software • Data • People • Procedures p. 25 Fig. 1-27

  40. Examples of Computer Usage Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Women in Technology below Chapter 1 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Minorities in Technology below Chapter 1 Next What software is available for a home user? • Personal finance management • Web access • Communications • Entertainment p. 26 Fig. 1-28

  41. Examples of Computer Usage Next What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? • Productivity software • Specialty software • Web usage • E-mail p. 28 Fig. 1-30

  42. Examples of Computer Usage Next What is available for a mobile user? • Hardware • Notebook computers • Tablet PCs • Internet-enabled PDAs • Smart phones • Software • Word processing • Spreadsheet • Presentation graphicssoftware p. 29 Fig. 1-31

  43. Examples of Computer Usage Next What are the needs of a power user? • Speed and large amounts of storage • Types of power users • Engineers and architects use software to draft and design floor plans, mechanical assemblies, or vehicles. • Scientists use software for experiments • Desktop publishers use software to prepare marketing literature • Graphic artists use software to create sophisticated drawings. p. 29 Fig. 1-32

  44. Examples of Computer Usage Next What are the needs of the large business user? • Payroll • Inventory • E-commerce • Desktop publishing p. 30 Figs. 1-33

  45. Computer Applications in Society Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Handheld Navigation Devices below Chapter 1 Next What are some examples of computer applications in society? • Education • Finance • Government • Health Care • Science • Publishing • Travel • Manufacturing p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43

  46. Summary of Introduction to Computers The uses of the Internet Basic computer concepts Computer software The term, computer Categories of computers The components of a computer Types of computer users The advantages and disadvantages of using computers Computer applications in society The purpose of a network Chapter 1 Complete

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