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The Roman Calendar

The Roman Calendar. “Like sands through the hour glass, so to our the days of our lives…”. Terms to know. Week ran A-H (8 day cycle) Kalends (Juno) 1 st of month Nones 5 th 7 th (March, May, July, October) Ides (Jupiter) 13 th 15 th (March, May, July, October). Terms to know.

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The Roman Calendar

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  1. The Roman Calendar “Like sands through the hour glass, so to our the days of our lives…”

  2. Terms to know • Week ran A-H (8 day cycle) • Kalends (Juno) • 1st of month • Nones • 5th • 7th (March, May, July, October) • Ides (Jupiter) • 13th • 15th (March, May, July, October)

  3. Terms to know • N = Nefastus • NP = Nefastus Pulicus • C = Comitialis • F = Faustus

  4. How to read a Roman Calendar • comitialis • Kalends(1st) of May (MAI) • Nones (7th) • fastus • nefastus • Lemuria Festival • Nefastus publicus • Ides (15th)

  5. Festivals and Games • Ludi = games • Rituals carried out at state expense • Didn’t matter how many attend AS LONG AS it is DONE CORRECTLY • Free entertainment – wealthy individuals • Chariot races • Theatrical performances (plays, mimes) • Large animal displays and hunts • Gladiatorial battles • Miniature sea battles

  6. JANUARY (Janvs) • 1 January – COMPITALIA - Lares • Compitum = a point at which four small farms meet • Farm • City

  7. February (Februa) • 13-22 – PARENTALIA – Spirits of dead (Manes) • 15 – LUPERCALIA – Faunus? • Roman ideas of decorum and conservatism?

  8. March (Mars) • Original New Year • Begin of… • Start of… • Throughout month: • Salii (12) + rituals • Uniform • Ancient Latin • Leaping • Nights

  9. March (Mars) • 1st – Sanctuary of Mars in Regia • Shields • 1st – Sacred Fire – Vesta • 14th and 19th – Horse races • 15th – ANNA PERENNA • annare perennareque • 17thLIBERALIA – Liber Pater • 19th – QUINQUARTRUUS(festival sacred to Minerva) • Salii + major Roman Priests • 24th - return

  10. APRIL (aperire, "to open“ ) • 4th and 11th – two feasts of Cybele • Games • 15th – FORDICIDIA – Tellus Mater • forda • Unborn calf + Parilia • 19th – CERELIA – Ceres • 21st – PARILIA – Pales • Farm • City

  11. APRIL • 28th April – 3 May – FLORALIA – Flora • Farm • City • Puritanical Romans… • Unfixed date – near endFERIAE LATINAE • Unity and friendship • Alba Longa • Consuls and important magistrates SEX LICENSE On the FLORALIA you arepermitted to enjoy yourselfA LOT!

  12. May (?Maia- goddess of spring) • 9th, 11th, 13th – LEMURIA – festival of the dead – Lemures • 14th • Pons Siblicius – oldest bridge – Tiber • Straw puppets • Theory 1 • Theory 2 • Unfixed date – AMBARVALIA (farm) (AMBURBIUM in city) • Suovetaurilia in city vs. farm

  13. June (Juno) • 9-15th – VESTALIA – Vesta • 15th – clean storehouse • 24th – festival of Fortuna • Open to slaves

  14. July (Julius Caesar) • 6th-13th – games in honour of Apollo • 23rd – NEPTUNALIA - Neptune

  15. August (Augustus) • 12th – festival of Hercules • Cacus • NO WOMEN • 13th – festival to Diana • Latins and Romans under Servius Tullius • Summer holiday for slaves – a day off • 21st – CONSUALIA – Consus • Circus Maximus • 23rd – VOLCANUS - Vulcan

  16. September (Septum “seven”) • 5-19th – Ludi Romani – not religious • 13th – anniversary of dedication of Jupiter’s temple on Capitol – 507BC • Jupiter Optimus Maximus • Statues of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva (triad)

  17. October (octo, "eight“) • 13th – FONTONALIA • 15th – Mars • Chariot races • Head of horse • Tail of horse – Regia • Blood of horse – ashes of calf from Fordicidia

  18. November (novem, "nine“) • 4-17th - Ludi Plebis • 15th – feast in honour of Jupiter

  19. December (decem, "ten“) • Unfixed date – BONA DEA– Good Goddess • Fauna? • ONLY WOMEN • Clodius Pulcher – dressed as a woman! • 17-23rd – SATURNALIA • Latium • Business • Slaves

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