State/Province Issued Enhanced Driver’s License and Lessons Learned

1. State/Province Issued Enhanced Driver’s LicenseandLessons Learned

2. What is an Enhanced Driver’s License? What is in the MRZ/OCR? What does an RFID tag look like inside a card? What information does a WHTI tag contain? How far can a ‘Passive’, ‘Vicinity’ tag be read? What will the U.S. Passport Card look like? What about privacy? How will RFID work at land borders? Data Sharing: Required Data, Push Model, Pull Model Lessons Learned from state/province implementation Topics

3. U.S. State issued Driver’s License or Identity Card that denotes both identity AND United States citizenship Also issued by provinces/territories of Canada to denote identity and Canadian citizenship Use for land and sea border crossings only Incorporates a Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) that can be read by CBP readers using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Contains a Generation 2 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip for use by CBP RFID readers at land borders RFID tag technology is ‘Passive’ (no battery power needed), ‘Vicinity’ (can be read up to 30 feet) What is an Enhanced Driver’s License?

4. EDL = Identity and Citizenship Meets minimum security standards Facilitative technology (MRZ/OCR and RFID) Uniform processing and method of validation for CBP Officers What is an Enhanced Driver’s License? “Enhanced” Designation RFID chip embedded in document New New Min 23mm white space MRZ/OCR U.S. Flag

5. What is in the MRZ/OCR?

6. What is in the MRZ/OCR?

7. What does an RFID tag look like inside a card?

8. What information does a WHTI RFID tag contain? Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3 Reserved Memory • 32-bit Kill Password • 32-bit Access Password (64 bits) EPC Memory • 16-bit CRC • 16-bit Protocol Control • 96-bit EPC (128 bits) Tag Identification Memory * • 8-bit Class Identifier • 12-bit Tag Designer • 12-bit Tag Model Number • 32-bit Serial Number (optional) (0, 32, or 64 bits) User Memory * • User-defined format (0 or more bits) 0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 “Zeros and Ones” Denoting a Number Gen 2 tags have four memory banks The CBP “GDTI-96” bit unique number A 64-bit TID memory bank contains a tag serial number that uniquely identifies a tag. * TID and User Memory banks are not initialized on some Gen 2 tags

9. What information does a WHTI RFID tag contain? Memory Bank 1 of the RFID Tag An organization could define and filter up to 10,000 document types. Example: the number 1 = motorcycle , 2 = auto, etc. Defined by Card/Tag Issuer EPCglobal/GS1 allocated and managed. DHS has requested ‘001’ be reserved to represent ‘travel document’ Used for unique serial number Example: 00101101011011101 Defined by Card/Tag Issuer

10. How far can a “Passive, Vicinity” tag be read? • Tags to be incorporated into travel documents for land border crossings will be vicinity tags and will be read by CBP readers in the 10-15 feet range • Line-of-sight is not required to read tags • Tag readability and read range can be affected by: • Water = Absorbs RF signal (e.g. human body) • Metal = Reflects RF signal (e.g. vehicles and some windshields)

11. Life Expectancy of a “Passive, Vicinity” tag? • 10 years • Factors that impact life expectancy • Memory • Substrate • Polycarbonate • PVC • RFID Chips typically outlast the validity of the document itself

12. What will the U.S. Passport Card look like? RFID chip embedded Presentation purposes only – product may not appear as depicted For use at land and sea border crossings only

13. Only a number on the RFID chip, no personally identifiable information (PII) stored in the tag PII stored in secure databases transmitted over secure networks Protective sleeve issued with all RFID enabled travel documents Presentation of photo to CBP Officer from secure databases reduces risk of cloned tags being used successfully at land borders Implementation of Tag Identifier (TID) by issuing authorities will virtually eliminate successful use of cloned tags What About Privacy?

14. How will RFID work at land borders?

15. How will RFID Work at Land Borders?

16. RFID in land border operations

17. Data Sharing – Required Data • First name, surname • Date of birth • Citizenship and gender • Issuing state / country • Document ID number (unique to State) • Expiration Date • RFID tag value/number • Photo

18. Data Sharing – Push Model

19. Data Sharing – Push Model • States push EDL data (add, update, or delete record) through Nlets • Nlets uses an appropriate message key to forward data to CBP • CBP stores EDL data on CBP database for potential retrieval and display at land/sea ports of entry (POEs) • CBP assumes full responsibility of Service Level Agreements with POEs

20. Data Sharing – Ping Model

21. Data Sharing – Ping Model • CBP pings a state’s database at land/sea POE via Nlets when a state’s EDL participant crosses the border • Nlets uses a driver inquiry message key to inquire the appropriate state • State receives inquiry, retrieves data from state’s database, and forwards EDL data to CBP along the same route • Nlets uses a driver response message key to forward data to CBP • CBP receives response and EDL data and displays the data on CBP Officer’s workstation at the POE • EDL data is NOT saved on CBP Database • Requires 99.99% up time with .500 milliseconds (ms) response time

22. Data Sharing – Ping Model Case Study 500ms response time required to meet business processing time requirements

23. RFID Early acquisition of an EPCglobal Company Prefix ensures understanding of tag format and correct formatting to tag standards Provide sample cards to CBP as soon as possible to identify and remedy any RFID issues (e.g. antennae chip configuration for readability and distance) Minimally 20 test cards, however, the more cards provided to CBP for testing, the better the testing will be – up to 100 test cards MRZ Correct MRZ encoding, placement, font and alignment was problematic Correct name handling and truncation are important – the source of most MRZ issues Encoding of unique document number tied to the RFID and record is important Data Photo size and quality Understanding of data use, storage and retention by DHS for border crossing purposes Lessons Learned from States/Provinces

24. Questions? Paul Mangus703-440-3126Paul.Mangus@associates.dhs.gov

25. Our Mission • We are the guardians of our Nation’s borders. • We are America’s frontline. • We safeguard the American homeland at and beyond our borders. • We protect the American public against terrorists and the instruments of terror. • We steadfastly enforce the laws of the United States while fostering our nation’s economic security through lawful international trade and travel. • We serve the American public with vigilance, integrity and professionalism. • Our Mission • We are the guardians of our Nation’s borders. • We are America’s frontline. • We safeguard the American homeland at and beyond our borders. • We protect the American public against terrorists and the instruments of terror. • We steadfastly enforce the laws of the United States while fostering our nation’s economic security through lawful international trade and travel. • We serve the American public with vigilance, integrity and professionalism.