Today’s Agenda

1. Today’s Agenda • Bellringer: Identify the energy transformations that take place in the following examples • Turning on a flashlight • A ball rolling down a hill • Photosynthesis • Review • Notes on Climatic Change • Exit Slip/Homework

2. Target • I can investigate a variety of Earth’s systems that are powered by solar energy. • Climate

3. Review • On a summer day, why would a Florida beach be cooler than an orange grove that is 2 km inland? • Explain how heat energy carried by ocean currents influences climate. • See page 149…which has a warmer climate, Dallas or San Francisco? Why?

4. Review • See page 150…According to the chart…What effect do cities have on climate? • Why might plants found at different elevations on a mountain differ? • How can two cities located at the same latitude have different climates?

5. Review • How is fur on mammals an adaptation? • What is the difference between a structural and behavioral adaptation? • Compare estivation and hibernation. • What adaptations help dogs keep cool during hot weather?

6. Review • Some scientists have suggested that Earth’s climate is getting warmer. What effects might this have on vegetation and animal life in various parts of the US?

7. Today’s Target… • I understand that while some changes in Earth’s surface or atmosphere occur without warning, many can be predicted from available data/evidence. • Changes in Climate

8. Climatic Changes Study Pack #5 Page 156

9. Earth’s Seasons • Short periods of climate change • Caused by the Earth’s tilt and revolution around the sun • See figure 8

10. Earth’s Seasons • The tropics have fairly constant solar radiation • Do not have much seasonal temperature change

11. Earth’s Seasons • Temperate zones have cold winters and warm summers • Spring and fall are mild • The season depends on which hemisphere is tilted toward the sun

12. Earth’s Seasons • The poles have changes in temperature, but still very cold • The poles have six months of sunlight and six without

13. El Nino and La Nina • Pages 158 – 159 • How does El Nino affect climate in the US? • What about La Nina?

14. Climatic Changes • Page 160 • What causes climate change? • Catastrophic events • Short or long-term changes in the sun’s output • Changes in Earth’s movement in space • Movement of Earth’s plates

15. Catastrophic Events • Solids and liquids can enter the atmosphere naturally or by humans through pollution • Natural ways particles can enter the atmosphere include: • Meteorite collisions • Volcanic eruptions • Soot from fires • Wind erosion of soil particles

16. Catastrophic Events • The particles can block solar radiation and cause a cooling of the planet • Page 170

17. Energy from the Sun • If the output of radiation from the sun changes, so would the Earth’s climate • Related to sunspots – dark spots on the surface of the sun • The more sunspots, the warmer the weather • Page 161

18. Earth Movements • Earth’s axis is currently tilted 23.5 degrees • Earth’s axis is sometimes tilted more or less than normal • When the axis is titled more there is a greater difference between summer and winter

19. Crustal Plate Movement • The movement of continents and oceans affects the transfer of heat on Earth • Affects wind and precipitation patterns • These patterns can change climates • Page 162 – growth of the Himalayas

20. Exit Slip • Complete the exit slip using your notes!