Chapter 8:

1. Chapter 8: The New Nation, 1786–1800

2. 8.1: The Crisis Of The 1780s

3. A. Economic Crisis (1780s) 1. Inflation due to the war a. Shortage of goods b. Devalue of currency; too much in circulation 2.Depression sets in a. US supplier of raw goods b. Trade deficit w/GB; silver leaving US c. Banks refused new loans 3. Confederation Congress unable to raise taxes; called on states to do so.

4. B. Annapolis Convention(It was in Maryland! 1786) • Meeting to call a meeting in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation • Need for a stronger federal government was apparent • Shay’s Rebellion(8/1786)

5. 8.2: The New Constitution

6. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787)

7. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787) • Va Plan: a. Bicameral legislature b. Rep. based on pop. Who doesn’t like this plan? • Senators elected by house • House elected by popular vote

8. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787) • NJ Plan: All states represented equally Who doesn’t like this plan?

9. A. The Constitutional Convention (1787) • Great Compromise • Equal rep. in Senate; elected by House • House rep. based on population; elected by the people • Regional interest: north – commerce and trade regulation south – slavery; 3/5 rule for representation • Electoral College: delegates vote based on the number of representatives in Congress

10. Father of the Constitution James Madison

11. B. Ratifying the New Constitution • Federalists • Support the constitution • Strong federal gov’t. • Merchants, manufactures, large land owners • Republic ideals can work in a big country, contrary to philosopher Montesquieu - Many interest groups = no one interest group in holding power

12. B. Ratifying the New Constitution • Anti-federalists • Favored strong local/state govt; small fed. Gov’t. • Think TJ and farmers • Explicit interpretation of constitution • Wanted Bill of Rights: i. James Madison ii. What did it stand for? • TJ J. Madison

13. C. Ratifying the New Constitution

14. 8.3: The First Administration

15. A. GW (1789-1797) • “man of the people?” • Cabinet members?

16. B. Federal Judiciary • Judiciary Act – 1789 • establishes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts • Higher courts function as appellate courts • Increases from 6 to 9 judges in 1869

17. C. Hamilton’s Controversial Fiscal Program • Tariffs of 1789: Focus - raise revenue for the gov’t, not protect Amer. Merchants • Hamilton’s Plan • Assumption – • feds repay states debt w/bonds • Est. credit for fed. Gov’t abroad • Bank of the United States Managed by Treasury Dept. • TJ argues unconstitutional expansion of power • Complete Success foreign investments and domestic capital increases

19. HBO Hamilton v. TJ clip

20. 4. Hamilton vs. TJ re: the Constitution Federalist Implied powers Anti-federalist Explicit powers

22. D. Foreign Policy (1793) • French Rev. and war Between France and GB • What should the US do? • Feds: GB; trade • Anti-feds: Fr; less dependent on GB • Neutrality = Sell, sell, sell! &

23. E. U.S. and Natives 1. Intercourse Act • Regulated trade w/natives • Lands negotiated solely through treaties • NW Ordinance 1787 Est. rules of govt/statehood • Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) • NW territory; NA lose = • Treaty of Greenville – NA lose NW lands to the US

24. F. Domestic Crisis (1794) • Whiskey Rebellion • Excise tax? • tax collectors harrassed/killed • GW sends troops out to Pa; puts rebels down • Moral of story? a. don’t mess w/Fed govt => Tested powers of new fed gov’t and Feds win

25. H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties • Jay’s Treaty • GB to leave by 1796 • Trade equally w/US • Problem w/Treaty a. No compensation for lose of slaves b. Favored alliance w/GB over French who were allies • House tries blocking treaty; wants to see correspondence re: treaty; GW says “No!” • Precedent of “executive privilege” set by GW

26. H. Jay’s and Pinckney’s Treaties 3. Pinckney’s Treaty a. Southern boundary @31 parallel b. Ms. River open for US trade • Collectively, LTC of treaties? Sovereignty West of Appalachian Mts. And ports from Atlantic to Miss. Valley open.

27. I. GW Farewell Address • doc

29. 8.4: Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans

30. A. The Rise of Political PartiesElection of 1796 Federalists President Republicans V.P.

31. B. Adam’s X, Y, Z Affair • Relations between US and France worsen thanks to US support of Jay’s Treaty; French confiscate US vessels and cargo. • US Delegates turned away; French wanted bribes/loans • Adams releases messages with names of French officials as X, Y, and Z. • Adams stands his ground; builds a navy for defense • “Quasi-war” between the two • Adams approval rating soars

32. C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) • Limits free speech and liberties of foreigners • Naturalization Act increases residence requirements from 5 to 14 years • Sedition Act: fines/imprisonment for anyone convicted of speaking against gov’t • To be used against Republicans • Disagreement = treason

33. C. Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) 6. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • states have fundamental rights that the federal gov’t cannot abridge (diminish) • States can nullify federal laws that they judge to be unconstitutional* • Constitutional compact between fed and state gov’t

34. D. Election of 1800 Tied! • Jefferson & Burr • 12th Amendment • First party change: Federalist to Republican • TJ AB

35. E. Democratic Political Culture • Growth of political participation • Universal suffrage increasing?

37. Alexander Hamilton