Protected Territory: From what? From Whom?

1. Protected Territory:From what? From Whom?

2. What is a protected territory? • It is a natural heritage that is protected by the government. • A natural heritage is a natural environment (i.e. mountain, lake, etc.) of great value that people want to protect and preserve.

3. What is a national park? • A “natural environment” managed by the government of a province or country. • It is regulated (controlled or managed) by laws to preserve and protect it. • People are allowed to visit it.

4. What is a natural resource? • Things that are supplied by nature and that are useful to us in various ways. • Coal, oil, water, forests and trees are natural resources.

5. What does conservation mean? • The care and protection of forests, water, and other natural resources.

6. What does biodiversity mean? • The diversity of species (animals, plants and micro-organisms) found in a natural environment.

7. What is an ecosystem? • All the animals, plants, and bacteria that make up a particular community living in a certain environment. • The parts of an ecosystem depend on one another to live.

8. Parc national du Mont-Tremblant

9. Creating a protected Territory

10. 1. Creation of facilities • A facilityis a space (building) or equipment necessary for doing something. • These facilities need to be built so that people can visit these parks: • Amenities - info centre, restroom, camping site • Infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.)

11. 2. Establishing regulations • Regulations are rules. • Visitors must follow the established rules of the national park. • These rules are put in place to preserve a natural site.

12. National parks are ‘zoned’ • A section of an area or territoryestablishedfor a specificpurpose. • Zones are created to protect national parks. • Zoning divides the park into several areas. • Each zone has different rules and offers different activities. (Ex: no fishing, hunting or hiking)

13. Protecting a territory gives it new life (revitalizes it!) • It attracts people who love doing outdoor activities. • It also supports ecotourism Protecting a territory is good for the region’s economy • The national park provides jobs for locals (ex: organizers for outdoor activities, info center receptionists, ski patrollers, etc.)

14. Benefits of creating national parks? • It makes generates money from entry fees • It provides job opportunities for locals (people are hired to work at the national park) • Services for locals close to the national park are established (ex: grocery stores, pharmacies, restaurants, clinics, gas stations, etc.) • Supports cultural activities in the area (ex: sugar shacks)

15. Threats to a natural park • Natural parks are at a risk for all kinds of threats. • Some threats can occur naturally (i.e. wild fire) while other types of threats can be linked to human activity.

16. Human activities that threaten national parks: • Removing natural resources from the territory (ex: timber, minerals) • Pollution from chemicals (ex: pesticides & fertilizers) • Poaching (illegal hunting or fishing) • Visitors litter, vandalize & destroy property.

17. Introducing foreign species that compete with endemic species for food. • Deforestation to clear land for farms, resorts and expanding neighborhoods. • Building roads and industries close to natural parks that threaten habitats.

18. Jasper national Park • It is located in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. • It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • It has protected ecosystems and wildlife.

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Go2b40YsOwBanff National Park http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9x0GSWKygw Banff National Park Accomodations

20. UNESCO World Heritage List • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).

21. To make it on the list, a park must be considered a world heritage- natural and cultural treasures belonging to the world. Dinosaur Provincial Park - World Heritage

22. What is UNESCO World Heritage Site? • A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place (such as a forest, mountain, lake, island, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that is listed by the UNESCO as of worthy of attention because it is special in some way. Cloud-covered Machu Picchu is another of the treasures counted amongst UNESCO's World Heritage inscribed sites

23. UNESCO SITES – Natural vs. Cultural Go to Dinosaur Provincial Park (Canada) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lww6Y4hlQR4 Go to Palace of Versailles (Cultural Site in France) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxIzMr2Ekpo

24. Why are these territories protected? • It may symbolize a province or country.

25. 2. It may have extraordinary landscapes (Iguazu National park, Argentina-Brazil). BBC Natural World - The Falls of Iguacu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_hmnOK5DYk

26. 3. It may have rich and rare ecosystems.

27. 4. It may provide recreational and educational areas for visitors.

28. 5. It may have beautiful, inspirational sites.

29. 6. It may have traces of ancient civilizations.

30. 7. It may contain fossils or evidence of a natural phenomena (volcanic eruption).

31. 8. It may provide plants that are needed for medicine.

32. 9. It may provide economic benefits, such as tourist activities and jobs.

33. 10. It may be a symbol of our identity.

34. Galapagos Islands (GI):A Protected Territory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6EZN4szlqM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAZ0D8Srl1A

35. Geographical Location of Ecuador in South America https://maps.google.ca/maps?output=classic&dg=brw

36. History of Galapagos • South American aborginals probably the first people to set foot on Galapagos Islands. • Tomas de Berlanga, the Bishop of Panama wrote first report on the Galapagos islands in 1535.

37. Pirates • Used islands in the 1680s as a refuge/base. • Attacked European ships carrying gold stolen from the Incas. • They ate iguanas and tortoises. • Ships brought over black rats to the islands. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rR4ElV2Jz7A

38. Whalers and Hunters (1790-1870) • Fur seals came very close to extinction. • Tortoises were killed for their meat or to make cooking oil.

39. Charles Robert Darwin • Darwin (1809 – 1882) realized and presented evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors, through the process he called natural selection.

41. Most of the present-day inhabitants moved to the islands from the Ecuadorian mainland during the last 25-30 years. • Most of them work in the fishing, tourist and farming industries.

42. Archipelago: • A group of many islands in a large body of water.

43. The Galapagos Islands • Located 600 km off the west coast of Ecuador, South America.

44. Consists of 13 large islands, 6 smaller islands, 107 rocks and islets. • First island formed between 5-10 million years ago. • Isabela and Fernandina are the youngest Islands that are still being formed. • Volcanic eruptions still occur!

45. Volcanoes located on several Islands

46. Location and Climate • Islands are aligned with the equator. • Islands are a long distance from Ecuador. • Closest land mass is the continent of South America.

47. The climate is unique. • The ocean currents around the islands affect the climate. • Larger islands have trees, while others are barren. • Two main seasons: a cool dry season and a warm wet season.

48. Conservation (protection) Laws • These islands are home to many endemic animals & plants, etc. (plant or animal that is only found there). • Ecuadorian Government passed conservation laws to protect these species (ex. $100 visitors fee). • GI is both a National Park and a World Heritage Site! http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1

49. The Charles Darwin Research Station was built (1964) on Santa Cruz island in Galapagos, and scientists now come from all over the world to study the plants and animals, and help to conserve them.

50. The ocean around the Galapagos Islands was made a marine reserve/park in 1998 to protect the marine life.