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Chemistry Chapter 7 Page 187

Valence Electrons – on outer ring, involved in bonding/making compounds Group # - at top of column, gives valence Dot Diagram – shows valence, Pg 188 Octet rule - goal of 8 electrons in outer ring ( s+p ), to be full like noble gases. Chemistry Chapter 7 Page 187.

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Chemistry Chapter 7 Page 187

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  1. Valence Electrons – on outer ring, involved in bonding/making compounds Group # - at top of column, gives valence Dot Diagram – shows valence, Pg 188 Octet rule - goal of 8 electrons in outer ring (s+p), to be full like noble gases Chemistry Chapter 7 Page 187

  2. Cation– lose electrons, + charge, metals, left side of table, group # tells oxidation # ex: K loses 1 e- , becomes +1, in col 1 Anion – Pg 191, gain electrons, negative charge, non-metals, right side, group # tells how many valence, oxidation is how many e- needed to be full ex: F, col 7, needs 1 to be full, -1 charge name changed to fluoride PG 254!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  3. Halides – col 7 elements after gain e- by making compounds Polyatomic ions - Pg 192, 257 most end in –ite or -ate Transition Metals – Pg 255** require (Roman #) in name

  4. Transfer electrons, become + or neg, metals on left of table ,non-metals on right side Crystalline structure Solids at room temp High melting points Conduct electricity (charged ions) Salts Ionic Bonds Pg 194

  5. Ductile – pulled into wire Malleable – hammer into flat sheets Alloys – homogeneous mixtures (solutions) of metals, Pg 203 table plus 1stpara. Metals Pg 201

  6. Elements share electrons to have 8 on last ring Lower melting and boiling points Gas or liquid at room temp Can share 1 e- from @ (single bond) H-H Pg 217 Or two e- from each (double bond) O=O Pg 221 Or three e- from each (triple bond) N2 Pg 221 Diatomicif same element Pg 222 *** End in –ide like ionic , BUT use numeric prefixes for last element Pg 269***** Chapter 8-9 Page 213Covalent Bonds

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