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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Decline. During 2000 - 16,377 cases of TB (5.8/100,000 of U.S. population) were reported to CDC 7% dec from 1999 39% dec from 1990 In 1992 there was a resurgence of TB in U.S. (due to AB resistance, immigration, travel, HIV+).

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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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  1. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

  2. Decline • During 2000 - 16,377 cases of TB (5.8/100,000 of U.S. population) were reported to CDC • 7% dec from 1999 • 39% dec from 1990 • In 1992 there was a resurgence of TB in U.S. (due to AB resistance, immigration, travel, HIV+)

  3. Population at highest risk – foreign born

  4. Rate per Population Source: CDC

  5. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) • Slow growing bacteria that primarily affects the respiratory tract of humans. • Other areas that can be affected:

  6. TB Spreading • What happens after the bacteria have entered the body? • Begins to grow in alveoli (small air sacs) of lungs and then spreads throughout lung and body via blood

  7. 1 LungAnatomy 5 3 4 Source: CDC

  8. Incubation • What is usual TB incubation period? • 2-10 weeks for TB infection • Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk) • TB infected (Latent TB): (carrier) • Positive Skin Test, but not contagious (& no symptoms) • TB disease/active: • + Skin test and showing symptoms (bad cough, fever, chills, blood in sputum) and is highly contagious

  9. Testing • PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) – tuberculin injected intradermally & read 48 hours later

  10. PPD Testing Source: CDC

  11. Transmission • Inhalation of infectious particles: • Infectious particles are carried in air after an active TB individual speaks, coughs, sneezes, or certain medical procedures are performed • These particles are called droplet nuclei • 1-5 microns/ 1/5000 of an inch in size

  12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infected Person Cough-Sneeze-Talking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmitting Droplets Inhalation of Droplets

  13. Respirator • A PPE device that removes air contaminants such as dust, mists, and aerosols from ambient air • TB Respirator filters out material down to 0.3 microns at 95% efficiency (N95). • NIOSH approved

  14. TB Respirator Mask N 95 NIOSH Approved Must be fit tested (sized correctly)

  15. TB (AFB) Isolation • Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) isolation room: • Warning signs • Must be maintained under negative pressure. • Exhaust air from isolation room away from air intakes for building, usually on roof.

  16. Filters • High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA): • Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB isolation room at 0.3 microns at 99.97% efficiency

  17. Settings at TB Risk • High Risk Settings: • Health care settings • Correctional institutions • Homeless shelters • Long-term care facilities for the elderly • Drug treatment centers

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