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Water Underground

Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground. Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock. Effects of Different Materials.

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Water Underground

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  1. Water Underground

  2. How Water Moves Underground • Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock

  3. Effects of Different Materials • Permeable materials have large and connected pores; materials such as sand and gravel allow water to pass through or permeate. • Impermeable materials have few or no pores or cracks; therefore the water cannot pass through easily • Examples: clay and granite

  4. Water Zones • **The area of permeable rock or soil that is totally filled or saturated, with water is called the saturated zone** • **The top of the saturated zone is called the water table** • The area above the water table is called the unsaturated zone

  5. Bringing up Groundwater • In some areas, the water table meets the surface • Aquifers: • Any underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water is known as an aquifer** • Size: small underground patch to the size of several states

  6. Aquifers continued • Functions: drinking water, water for crops, and water for livestock • Rate of Movement: depends on the slope of the aquifer and permeability of rocks

  7. Wells • **People can obtain groundwater from an aquifer by drilling a well below the water table** • If the level of the aquifer drops, a well can run dry • The water table can rise after heavy rain or snow melts

  8. Using Pumps • Mechanical pumps bring up groundwater • If water is pumped out too fast, a well will run dry • New water that enters the aquifer from the surface is called recharge

  9. Relying on Pressure • **In an artesian well, water rises because of pressure in an aquifer** • If groundwater becomes trapped between two layers of impermeable rock or sediment, the pressure sends water spurting up through the punctured hole • No pump is necessary

  10. Springs and Geysers • Sometimes, groundwater comes to the surface through natural processes • When groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock it is called a spring • A fountain of boiling water is known as a geyser

  11. Springs and Geysers • The word geyser means gusher • A geyser forms when very hot water that has been circulating deep underground begins to rise through narrow passages in the rock • Provide one example of a geyser: Old Faithful

  12. Interesting Sites • http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/flash/geyflash.htm • http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/oldfaithfulcam.htm • http://www.floridasprings.org • www.unitedstreaming.com(Gushing Geysers; Natural Phenomena)

  13. Which wells end in a saturated zone? • Which well(s) will not provide water? • How does water enter Aquifer A?

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