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Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

European Workshop ICT and Civil Protection: current state and future scenarios Fausto Marincioni Department of Earth and Environmental Science Long Island University 720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, New York, 11548-1300, USA fausto.marincioni@liu.edu. Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007.

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Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

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  1. European Workshop ICT and Civil Protection: current state and future scenarios Fausto Marincioni Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceLong Island University720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, New York, 11548-1300, USA fausto.marincioni@liu.edu Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  2. ICT has transformed the ways information is accessed and shared • - Global network • - Interactive • - Real time • ICT is very effective when linked to practical issues of civil protection • The challenge is to bring the proper (needed) ICTto the disaster professional communities ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  3. WHAT TYPES OF ICT? • Communications • Data storage and mining • Spatial analysis • Remote sensing • Decision support systems • Virtual reality ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  4. Section 214 of the US E-Government Act of 2002, Public Law 107-347, called on the administrator of the Office ofElectronic Government(in the Office of Management and Budget), in consultation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA),to enhance crisis management through advanced information technology ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  5. August 24th, 2005 ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  6. With the Executive Order 12127 of March 31, 1979, President Carter created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Pulling together programs and personnel scattered throughout the government bureaucracy, FEMA approached the issue of disaster management from the perspective of a comprehensive and integrated disaster management system. As of November 2002, FEMA was an independent federal agency with more than 2600 full time employees distributed among the agency headquarters in Washington D.C. the ten region and area offices across the USA, and the FEMA training center in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

  7. A recent publication of the National Research Council focuses on how information technology is ACTUALLYused in disaster management. The purpose of this report was to inform federal, state, and local policy makers and public safety and emergency management professionals about future opportunities for the application of ICT to disaster management. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  8. STATUS US Emergency Management Agencies use ICT extensively. Nevertheless, ICT has as-yet-unrealized potential to improve how communities handle disasters. Recent disasters indicated that disaster management organizations have not fully exploited many of today’s technology opportunities. This situation stands in contrast to the considerable success enjoyed by some sectors such as financial services or transportation in adopting new ICT technologies routinely and aggressively. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  9. SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ACTIONS • As in other sectors, successful use of ICT involves: • making smarter use of existing technologies • creating opportunities to develop and adopt new technologies • develop organizational practices to best employ these technologies ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  10. Short-term opportunities to use already available ICT Adjusting policies and procedures for the application of existing technologies would yield significant short-term enhancement of disaster management. For example, ad hoc use of wireless capabilities in laptops carried by some first responders, peer-to-peer use of Land Mobile Radio System (LMRS) radios, and use of Family Radio Service/General Mobile Radio Service (walkie-talkies), all can help to provide communications even when the communications infrastructure is damaged. Such technology options may already be in the hands of users,but may not be deployed in disasters because policies and proceduresfor their use are not in place. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  11. Short-term opportunities to use already available ICT Other examples of easy deeds include: Use of editable Web sites (wikis), blogs, and data-mining tools to capture, analyze, and share lessons learned from operational field experiences; Use of database, Web, and call center technologiesto establish a service to provide information about available equipment, materiel, personnel, volunteer organizations, etc. Use of planning, scheduling, task allocation, and resource management tools to help in formulating emergency plans, tracking their execution and to ensure timely recognition of problems and associated follow-up decisions. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  12. Long term ICT research and development Some of the IT-enabled capabilities necessary for disaster management address very specialized problems that do not have a large commercial market. ICT systems are designed to ensure day-to-day efficiency rather than the resilience and scalability that disasters demand. Nevertheless, commercial ICT provide many of the building blocks needed to realize these capabilities. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  13. Long term ICT research and development • Multidisciplinary research in pursuit of six • key IT-enabled capabilities: • More robust, interoperable, and priority-sensitive communic. • • Better situational awareness and a common operating picture • • Improved decision support and resource tracking/allocation • • Greater organizational agility for disaster management • • Better engagement of the public • • Enhanced infrastructure survivability and continuity of societal functions ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  14. More robust, interoperable, and priority-sensitive communications Communication networks that are more resilient to disruption than today’s commercial networks, that can: • lastlonger without utility power • expand capacity to meet emergency needs • autonomously reconfigure themselves • handle the range of communication needs and changing environmentalconditions that arise in disasters - distinguish between and properly prioritize communications ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  15. Better situational awareness and common operating picture Situational awareness is the ability for actors in a disaster, from national coordinators to emergency responders or the general public, to get information about an incident, and to understand what that information means in the context of the evolving situation. The common operating picture is a shared understandingof a situation by a group of people who need to act together to achieve common goals. The aim is to improve a person’s ability to do his or her job more effectively. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  16. Improved decision support and resource tracking/allocation Assist decision makers in: • formulating prospective actions • helping them understand and assess characteristics and consequences of alternative courses of action • follow-up on decisions • closing the feedback loop from decision to result ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  17. Greater organizational agility for disaster management The use of ICT has enabled and driven changes to organizational structures and processes (e.g., more distributed decision making). Agility is at a premium in disasters because no one type of organization or group of organizations isalwaysbest suited for the variety of problems that arise. Related issues with significant ICT implications include building links among professionals who do not share a history of cooperation and more quickly integrating the operations of multiple organizations. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  18. Better engagement of the public (1) Supplying information to the public (2) Making better use of informationsupplied by the public Although ICT is used today to alert and inform the public before, during, and after a disaster, information and communications modalities must be better tailoredto the needs of particular populations and ethnic groups. More attention should be paid to the information and resources held by the public because members of the public collectively have a richer view of a disaster situation At issue is how to engage the entire population, given the existence of groups with cultural and language differencesand other special needs. Community Emergency Response Team ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  19. Enhanced infrastructure survivability and continuity of societal functions Large disasters impact physical infrastructures, such as the electric grid, transportation, and health care, as well as ICT systems. ICT infrastructures need to be more resilient. ICT can improve the survivability and speed the recovery of other infrastructure by providing better information about the status of systems and advance warning of impending failures. ICT can facilitate the continuity of disrupted societal functions by providing new tools for reconnecting families, friends, organizations, and communities. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  20. Finem Respice Look to the end [before setting forth] ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  21. Obviously, ICT is not a panacea for all disaster communication issues. Problematic aspects do exist from both the technicaland the organizational sides. For example, the need for significant changes in users' behaviour with certain technologies is a limitation. (technological systems should be expected to adapt to users' behaviour, not the opposite). Similarly, the lack of common semantics among systems is a huge inhibitor. Yet, the most communications interoperability problems are not technical, and that better human organization and willingness to cooperate are critical factors in making better use of ICT for disaster management. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  22. The degree of application of ITC does not appear to be rooted in the intrinsic advantages of the technology itself, but in the perceived ones. ICT can enhancedisaster management if attuned to the diverseprofessional culture and contextof the local disaster management community. ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

  23. Thank you for your attention! ICT and Civil Protection Senigallia, 18-19 June 2007

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