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Understanding Nuclear Chemistry: Fission, Fusion, and Radiation

This guide covers essential concepts in nuclear chemistry, focusing on fission and fusion processes. Fission involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, commonly used in nuclear weapons and power plants. Fusion combines light nuclei, releasing more energy and being a focus for future power generation. We also explore nuclear radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, all resulting from unstable nuclei. Finally, we highlight the importance of balancing nuclear equations and discuss the significance of Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment in revealing the structure of the atom.

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Understanding Nuclear Chemistry: Fission, Fusion, and Radiation

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry

  2. Fission Fission: Division of a heavy nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei. (Used in weapons and power plants)

  3. Fusion Fusion: Combining two light nuclei. Releases more energy than fission. (Used in weapons. Still working on power plants)

  4. Alpha • Helium Nucleus • Positive charge • Easily stopped • Mass # of atom:-4 • Atomic # of atom: - 2

  5. Beta • Electron (- charge) • Mass # of atom same, • atomic # of atom + 1 0 -1 e

  6. Gamma • High energy electromag. Wave • Mass # of atom same • Atomic # of atom same 0 0 Y

  7. Balancing Nuclear Equations The Mass #s and Atomic #s have to be equal on both sides of the equation.

  8. 234 90 238 92 Th U

  9. Beta Equations 0 -1 e 131 54 Xe

  10. 127 51 0 0 Y Xe + +

  11. Nuclear Radiation – particles and electromagnetic waves that are flung at high speeds from nucleus. Q: Why does it happen? A: Unstable nuclei! Q: Why unstable? A: # of neutrons

  12. Warm Up 9/19 What discovery did the gold foil experiment lead to?

  13. Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment • Fired particles at gold foil • Some particles bounced back • Why? Because of the dense central nucleus

  14. Superhero! Your job is to create a superhero that can block that type of radiation. Include all of the information in your folder on your poster.

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