R. PAPALEO

1. R. PAPALEO Junction Boxes for KM3NeT

2. KM3 Junction Box Main common requirements and constrains Junction Box for the KM3 detector: • Mechanics • Housing for pressure and corrosion resistance (single vessel, double vessel technology) • ROV underwater connector interfaces • Frame for deployment and recovery • Cable system • Breakouts for the management of the DUs • Beacon for the LBL of the acoustic position system • Power management system • Transformer (AC, AC triphase, DC/DC) • Slow control electronic system for JB management • Optical management system for the data transmission • In case of secondary JBs the optical system should work with DWDM technology in order to reduce the number of optical fibers towards the primary JB

3. Interlink connectionROV underwater connectors • ROV underwater connectors • Hybrid ROV wet mateable connector • Optical and electrical pin in a single connector • Only 1 company on the market (ODI) • Electrical underwater and optical underwater connectors • Electrical connectors: 3 companies on the market (ODI, SEACON, GISMA) • Optical connectors 2 companies on the martket (ODI, SEACON)

4. Underwater Connectors Reliability ODI (2006 report) SEACON

5. Interlink connections • 3 solutions for interlink connection between underwater structures (JBs and DUs) • Point to Point Interlink • 2 ROV underwater connectors • Interlink cable • Point to Fix Interlink • 1 ROV underwater connectors • Interlink cable • Fix to Fix Interlink • Interlink cable • Interlink cable requirements (common for all the DU solution) • 2 optical fibers (Data transmission) • More than 2 electrical wires (power supply and slow control) • Length = f (geometry)

6. Interlink connection • It’s necessary to consider the management of the interlink cable: • During the installation • On the maintenance operation (100 DUs means about 30 km of interlink cable) • On the up-grade of the telescope (if foreseen)

7. Point to Point interlink • Point to Point Interlink • LInterlink Cable= Distance between structures (JBs – DUs) • 2 ROV connectors (hybrid solution) 4 ROV connectors (electrical and optical solution) • 2/4 ROV sea operations Detection Unit

8. Point to Fix Interlink • Point to Fix Interlink • LInterlink Cable= Distance between structures (JBs – DUs) • 1 ROV connectors (hybrid solution) 2 ROV connectors (electrical and optical solution) • 1/2 ROV sea operations Detection Unit

9. Fix to Fix Interlink • Fix to Fix Interlink • LInterlink Cable= depth of Site + % • 0 ROV connectors • 0 ROV sea operations for underwater connections Detection Unit

10. KM3NET Junction Box Lesson learned • ANTARES has built and deployed a JB in december 2002 • Single Vessel Technology (Titanium) • Dry connector with the main EOC • Failures • 3 wet mateable connectors (ODI) out of service • JB it’s working since 2002 • NEMO (Phase1) has built and deployed a JB in december 2006. • Double Vessel Technology • ROV underwater connector for connection with the main EOC • Failures • Electrical failure due to crash on the ship during the sea operations • Optical failure due to defective ODI components • Recovery of the Junction Box, Maintenance operations and deployment of the Junction (it’s working since April 2008) • Similar characteristics • ROV Hybrid wet mateable connector interface for the connection of the DUs • Power transformer in oil • Breakouts for the management of the DUs

11. Antares Junction Box

12. NEMO Junction Box

13. JB – DUs Connection System • Antares JB Connector Panel • NEMO JB Connector

14. Proposal for a standard JB for the KM3 detector • Life time = > 10 years (following KM3NeT requirements) • Project of the pressure vessel for the max operative depth • Mechanical frame for the deployment and recovery system • ROV underwater connectors for the connection at the DUs and at the main electro optical cable • To simplify installation • To simplify the maintenance • Outuput with ROV underwater connectors • To be defined if Hybrid or Electrical + Optical connectors • Standard position of the ROV underwater connector in order to define and realize standard ROV connection operations

15. Proposal for a standard JB for the KM3 detector • N.2 optical fibers for the connection of the JB with the DUs • Standard Pins Configuration • Same position on all the connectors for the Optical fibers and electrical conductors • Standard Power Supply System • Beacon power supply system and management for the LBL of the detector

16. SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORY GENERAL REQUIREMENTS R. Papaleo on behalf of INGV and TECNOMARE

17. Seafloor observatory: general requirements INGV Communications (ref. SN-1): real-time, bi-directional high-bandwidth communication to the seafloor observatory through two single mode optical fibres (one used, one spare) using 1310 and 1550 nm wavelengths • 10/100 Ethernet communication • RS-232 standard interfaces to sensors • GPS/PPS timing synchronisation at seafloor using media converters to convert electrical communication and timing signals to optical form Power (ref. SN-1) • voltage: 500 VAC monophase 50 Hz • power required by the observatory ~100 W Umbilical cable: hybrid electro-optical, minimum • 2 x 4 mm2 power conductors • 2 SM optical fibres

18. Seafloor observatory: interfaces INGV • ROV underwater mateable ODI connector to interface with the umbilical, through a dedicated J-BOX • Standard underwater electrical connectors to the scientific payload

19. GEOSTAR-class observatory scientific payload (ref. SN-1) INGV

20. Example of a cabled observatory: SN-1