11-1 Computer Systems 11-2 Business Applications of Technology 11-3 Other Technology Issues

C H A P T E R 11 Business and Technology 11-1 Computer Systems 11-2 Business Applications of Technology 11-3 Other Technology Issues

11-1 Computer Systems Goal 1 Identify the main elements of a computer system. Goal 2 Describe input devices and processing activities. Goal 3 Explain computer storage media and output types.

KEY TERMS • computer system • hardware • software • computer network • central processing unit (CPU) • program • computer language • operating system software • application software

ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM • Input • Processing • Memory and storage • Output device

COMPUTER NETWORKS • Global computer network (Internet) • For accessing the World Wide Web • For exchanging e-mail • Local computer network (intranet) • Functions like a typical website • Used to share information within an organization

Checkpoint  • List the four main elements of a computer system. • Input device(s) • Processing unit • Memory and storage • Output device(s)

INPUT AND PROCESSING • Input: getting started • Processing: making things happen • Word processing • Desktop publishing • Database software • Spreadsheet software • Presentation software

Checkpoint  • What are common input devices? • Common input devices include keyboard, mouse, game controller, joystick, touch-sensitive screen, scanner, voice-activated system, microphone, and camera.

MEMORY AND OUTPUT • Memory and storage • Saving for later • Output • Obtaining results

MEMORY CAPACITY

Checkpoint  • How do internal and external memory differ? • Internal memory is inside the computer and holds a fixed amount of data. External memory is not stored within the computer and it is highly portable.

11-2 Business Applications of Technology Goal 1 Describe the components of a management information system (MIS). Goal 2 Identify computer applications in service industries. Goal 3 Discuss e-commerce activities.

KEY TERMS • management information system (MIS) • computer-assisted instruction (CAI) • e-commerce

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS • A management information system (MIS) is a coordinated system of processing and reporting information in an organization. • Managers need information to make business decisions. • Computer systems and software are essential parts of MIS.

COMPONENTS OF AN MIS

DATA SOURCES • External data sources • Internal data sources

THE MIS IN ACTION 1. Identify the information needs of the organization. 2. Obtain facts, figures, and other data. 3. Process, analyze, and organize data in a useful manner. 4. Distribute information reports to those who make decisions. 5. Update data files as needed.

Checkpoint  • What are the four components of a management information system? • The four components are gathering data, analyzing data, storing data, and reporting results.

TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES • Public service • Education • Health care • Financial services

Checkpoint  • What service industries make extensive use of computers? • Service industries that make extensive use of computers include public service organizations such as government, military, and police agencies; educational institutions such as local school districts, community colleges, and universities; health care facilities, such as hospitals and doctors’ offices; and financial services industries, such as banks and insurance companies.

E-COMMERCE • E-commerce refers to conducting business transactions using the Internet or other technology.

TYPES OF E-COMMERCE • Four types of e-commerce • Business-to-Consumer (B2C) • Business-to-Business (B2B) • Consumer-to-Business (C2B) • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) • E-commerce matrix

E-COMMERCE ACTIVITIES • Providing product information • Promoting a company • Selling online • Conducting market research • Making payments • Obtaining parts and supplies • Tracking shipments

GLOBAL E-COMMERCE • Importing and exporting • Videoconferencing

Checkpoint  • What do the notations B2C and B2B mean? • The notation B2C refers to the Business-to-Consumer e-commerce model, while B2B means the Business-to-Business e-commerce model.

11-3 Other Technology Issues Goal 1 Explain workplace uses of technology. Goal 2 Identify home and personal applications of technology. Goal 3 Discuss social concerns related to technology.

KEY TERMS • robotics • artificial intelligence (AI) • expert system • computer-aided design (CAD) • telecommuting • piracy • computer virus

WORKPLACE TECHNOLOGY • Robotics • Expert systems • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Telecommuting

Checkpoint  • How is computer-aided design (CAD) used by businesses? • Businesses use CAD to experiment with many variations of sizes, shapes, and materials before spending time and money on building prototypes or starting actual production.

HOME AND PERSONAL TECHNOLOGY • School and homework • Home robotics • Household record keeping

Checkpoint  • What types of technology tools are available to students? • Available tools include word processing software for preparing written assignments, Internet browsers for conducting research, online dictionaries and encyclopedias, and presentation software for creating slide shows.

SOCIAL CONCERNS OF TECHNOLOGY • Employment trends • Health concerns • Computer crime • Privacy concerns

Checkpoint  • How do companies suffer from software piracy? • Software piracy robs the creators of software of their legal profits. • It is very expensive to develop new software, often requiring teams of hundreds of workers for a single program. • Because of software piracy, companies have fewer dollars available to spend on creating new software.

11-1 Computer Systems 11-2 Business Applications of Technology 11-3 Other Technology Issues