7G Medieval Doctors presentation

1. 7G Medieval Doctors presentation Produced by the members of 7G, put together by Mr. Wright

2. Method of diagnosis By: Julia, Martina, Ginevra and Filippo

3. Indroduction • In this presentation we will talk about the dignosis from the Middle Ages, as well as about what a medieval doctor should know and finally the treatment that doctors did • ( diagnosis ).

4. What people believed that doctors should learn • People believed that doctors should know: • Write and speak well – have a good mind • They needed to study from Greek and Latin books. • Arithmetic – to count how many hours that their patients have been in pain. • Have a good knowledge of music – to help the sick. • Know about astronomy – to understand the causes of diseases.

5. Treatment • Doctors did some test to look the patient’s problem: • Checked the pulse. • Study the urine of the patient. • A chart told the doctor what they neede to find in the urine. • Clear urine means : good digestion • Black and cloudy : very bad, taken in likely death • Digonisis was differnt from today.

6. The difference between now and before • Now the hospitals have a very good treatment of the patients and they have good care about the operations and tools ( the tools are clean, and the doctors have hygienic gloves ). • In medieval times doctors did had no care with the patients and the operations were done in a very different way with dirty tools that could bring infections. The doctors were not professional and not hygienic. The operations were done in public and in unclean places.

7. CAUSES OF DISEASES By Clara, So Jung, Andrea

8. Four Humors • There are 4 humors are related to the 4 seasons: • Fire= Summer • Water= Winter • Earth= Spring • Air= Fall • And they thought that if the 4 humors were unbalanced you would be ill. • For e.g. in summer if the temperature is too high and dry, it increases the level of fire so you become ill

9. God • Medieval people believed that God gave diseases, wars, conflict to test people. • People thought that it is a natural reaction to become ill • It was up to God to decide if a person should be ill of better.

10. Astrology • People thought that diseases were caused by the position of the planets. • The most important planets that needed to be in place were Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. • People were so superstitious when the planets were not in place that sometimes they postponed important operations. • They thought that the planets had different humors depending on the day • On the 24th of March 1345 the planets Saturn, Jupiter and Mars were all aligned

11. Worms • Worms were the causes of some of the illnesses • You could tell if you had worms by looking at your feces • The worms could live in your body and be harmeless or very dangerous

12. Conclusion • We learned that some of the theories of the medieval doctors were true and others were only based on superstitions and lucky days. • Thank you for your time and we hope you liked our presentation!

13. Medieval treatments for illnesses of every day! By: Emily, Micol, Hidetaka and Mami

14. Introduction! • Mr. Wright divided us in groups and gave us all a topic which involves medieval medicine. Our topic is treatments of illnesses of every day. We found good information in our think history book and we wrote it in this presentation. • We hope that you will learn a lot from this!

15. Treatments! • In Medieval times most treatments were very dangerous. Normally when people needed operations they went to barbers surgeons which weren't experts in medicine that’s why most people died. Most treatments were made from medical herbs and some were believed even to be magical in fact normally doctors based their knowing on superstitious believes. In the next slides we will write different treatments that doctors used to fight the illnesses of every day.

16. Eye Infection! • To cure an eye infection doctors use to make an eye slave made from garlic, onion, wine and bull’s skull pound well together then put on with a feather.

17. Toothache! • To cure a toothache you needed to put a candle near the tooth which hurt, the worm on it would fall in a basin of cold water which was positioned beneath the chin. After this particular treatment the toothache will pass.

18. Asthma! • To cure asthma doctors suggested to put the lungs of a fox into sweet wine and drink it. It is a bit disgusting but in medieval times it was normal.

19. Heart Disease! • The doctors gave the patients medicine of parsley or sage, it was made from powdered animal skull, juice of a boiled toad and dead insects.

20. Bad Digestions! • To cure bad dissection medieval doctors removed patients blood by cutting veins or using leeches. This was very dangerous.

21. Sore Eylid! • The doctors use to give suggestions of how to treat sore eylid. The patient had to poke his eylid with nine grains of barles and then say: “flee, flee barley chase you”.

22. Back Ache! • Doctors prepared a special medicine to treat back ache. The medicine was made from two herbs and two bowls full of sweet wine mixed with hot water. Than it was given to a patient while fasting.

23. Development Of Knowledge And Skills By: Olimpia, Micaela, Margherita, Andrea 7G

24. Knowledge of Anatomy • At the end of the Middle Ages doctors started improving ways of training in medical schools. In the 14th century Guy de Chauliac encouraged the dissection of bodies, which for the church was forbidden. By doing so, Guy de Chauliac learnt the anatomy of internal organs. Finally in 1340, the church allowed the dissection in medical school, which was only performed by teachers and their assistants.

25. Use of Anaesthetics • By the late middle ages lots of doctors used anaesthetics to reduce the pain of their patients. At this time doctors were still experimenting with anaesthetics. There was needed more knowledge about mixtures and doses of herbs and ingredients.

26. The Skills of Surgeons (1) • In the middle ages there were many wounded people. The survival of wounded soldiers was important to the success of the army. So John of Arderne began to experiment which treatments could reduce the number of death of the wounded soldiers.

27. The Skills of Surgeons(2) • He developed new ways to operate and some of them are still used today. New instruments were developed. In the 13th century Theodoric of Lucca became a surgeon and believed that wounds could heal better with wine. However most people relied on the "tried and trusted" methods.

28. Bibliography • http://clendening.kumc.edu/dc/rm/m_32p.jpg • http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_01_img0040.jpg • http://www.cardenashistoriamedicina.net/images/7-1-john-de-ardene.jpg • http://www.intermaggie.com/med/images/mother_agrippina_dissection.jpg

29. Sources By: Alessia, Cecilia and Eri 7G

30. Source A • God is terrible towards the sons of men... He often allows plagues, miserable famines, conflicts, wars and other forms of suffering to arise, and uses them to terrify and torment people and so drive out their sins. And so the people of England are to be oppressed by the plague. From a monk’s letter to the Bishop of London 1348 This source is based on superstition. It is an opinion. The monk believed, but did not prove that God was terrible. He blamed God for all the answers he did not know.

31. Source B • The general cause (of the plauge) was the close position of the three great planets, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. This had taken place in 1345 on 24 March. Such a coming together of planets is always a sign of wonderful, terrible or violent things to come. Guy de Chaulliac, a famous doctor writing in the 1300s. This source is based on superstition because the doctor didn’t know how to cure diseases so he blamed the planets. He was not an expert in astronomy.

32. Source C • Medieval doctors thought that the body was made up of 4 humours (earth, fire, water and air). If these humors should get out of balance, you fell ill. In summer the dry heat would increase the fire so you would sweat and get very hot, you might even become bad tempered. In winter,the damp climate would increase the water in your body. This would make you produce more phlegm and suffer from coughs and colds. From a textbook published in 1991 This source is based on common sense. It is wrong but it makes sense because it is proved, such as the dryness which makes the fire,……..

33. Source D In the Middle Ages, people thought that worms were connected to illness… When doctors examined the faces of sick people they often saw worms. It seemed obvious to link these to whatever illness the person was suffering from. From a textbook published in 1996 This source makes sense because in the faces there were worms which may be connected though it is wrong.

34. Light bulb 2 What can you learn about medieval medical examinations from source E? • People were superstitious ( water, blessing) • Unhealthy (dog) • Examinations based on superstition

35. Light bulb 3 • Why do you think the church was against the dissection of corpses? • Because people might prove that the church was wrong. • Because people may not go into the afterlife.