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BATTERIES

Batteries play a vital role in transforming chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The journey begins with pioneers like Luigi Galvani, who studied the electrical impulses in frog legs, leading to Alessandro Volta's invention of the first battery. By layering metals and an electrolyte, Volta demonstrated that chemical reactions could produce current. Batteries consist of stacked electrochemical cells, where voltage increases with additional cells. Understanding these components and their functions is key to grasping the operation of both wet and dry cells in our daily lives.

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BATTERIES

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  1. BATTERIES

  2. What does a battery do? • Energy transformation: • Chemical energy – stored in chemical compounds Electrical energy – moving charged particles (e-)

  3. History • Luigi Galvani – Italian physician studied frog anatomy • Brass hook held leg in place & other end touched iron railing. Leg twitched. • Believed the twitching of leg muscle due to “animal electricity” • Not true • simply demonstrated the electrical basis of nerve impulse

  4. The First Battery • Alessandro Volta – reproduced Galvani ‘s results • Due to chemical reaction between the two metals & saline in frog’s leg muscle FIRST BATTERY • Tested hypothesis by layering salt-water-soaked paper layered between Zn & Ag • Connected wires & produced current • More layers – more current

  5. Electrochemical Cell • Device that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy Components • Electrodes – 2 different metals immersed in Electrolyte – substance that conducts electricity (salt water or acid) • Terminal - part of electrode above electrolyte, used to connect to circuit

  6. Chemical Reaction - Redox • Electrolyte reacts with each electrode • One electrode loses electrons & becomes (+) {oxidized} • Other gains electrons & becomes (-) {reduced} • Electrochemical Cell Animation http://www.kentchemistry.com

  7. Chemical Reaction - Redox • Opposite charges – difference in potential energy - voltage - causes electrons to move from (+) anode to (-) cathode through circuit • Electrons move through the electrolyte from one electrode to other (negative electrode through electrolyte to positive electrode) http://www.kentchemistry.com

  8. Batteries • BATTERY = several stacked electrochemical cells • Total voltage = all the individual cell voltages added together • Wet Cells – electrolyte Dry Cells – electrolyte is liquid – salt water is a paste (KOH or NaOH) or acid (car battery) (AAA, AA, C, D - alkaline)

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