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Understanding the Human Skeletal System: Structure, Functions, and Types of Bones

The human skeletal system consists of 206 bones that serve critical functions such as providing structure, protecting vital organs, enabling movement with muscles, producing blood cells in the bone marrow, and storing calcium. Bones are categorized into flat, irregular, long, and short types, with examples including the cranium, vertebrae, femur, tarsals, and more. Joints facilitate motion by connecting bones, and they can be classified as immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable. Ligaments and tendons play key roles in maintaining the skeletal system's integrity.

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Understanding the Human Skeletal System: Structure, Functions, and Types of Bones

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  1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • There are 206 bones

  2. Functions of the skeleton: • Framework – gives structure and support 2. Protects the internal organs • What does the cranium (skull) protect? The brain!

  3. What does the ribcage protect? The heart and lungs!

  4. 3. Bones work with muscles to make the body move.

  5. 4. Bone marrow produces blood cells.

  6. 5. Stores calcium in the bone marrow.

  7. Types of Bones 1. Flat bones • Cranium • Scapula • Clavicle • Ribs • Sternum

  8. Cranium

  9. Cranium Bones

  10. Scapula

  11. Clavicle

  12. Ribs • The ribcage is often called the chest. • It is also called the thorax, which does not include the arms and hands.                                                                                                      

  13. Sternum

  14. Types of Bones • Irregular bones: • Facial bones • Vertebrae (spine or back bone) • Ilium and Iliac Crest (hip)

  15. Facial Bones

  16. Vertebrae ( Back Bone / Spine) • The bones in the backbone are called vertebrae. • It consists of 33 bones divided into 3 sections. • Vertebrae pictures from:http://www.hughston.com/hha/spine.jpg

  17. Vertebrae Sections: 1. Cervical Region (neck) 2. Thoracic Region

  18. Vertebrae Section (continued) 3. Lumbar region (lower back)

  19. Vertebrae

  20. Ilium & Iliac Crest http://www.sci-therapies.info/ilium.pnghttp://www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/anatomy/ilium.jpg Irregular Bones:

  21. Types of Bones: 3. Long Bones: • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Femur • Tibia • Fibula

  22. Humerus (Upper arm)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Humerus_ant.jpg

  23. Long bones: Radius & Ulna: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/15/99115-004-EF2C9006.jpg Humerus, Radius & Ulna: http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/ARM.JPG

  24. Femur • The femur is the upperleg bone. • Helps form the hip joint by articulating (fit together) with the pelvis. • The hip joint is the largest ball and socketjoint in the body.   http://www.physioweb.org/IMAGES/femur.jpg

  25. Tibia and Fibula • The tibia, in the outer lower leg, supports most of the body's weight. • The fibula is the smaller bone that provides support for the ankle and space for muscle attachments.  • Patella is the knee cap.http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/leg/leg.jpg

  26. Types of Bones: 4. Short Bones Ankle and foot: Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges • Wrist and hand: • Carpals • Metacarpals • Phalanges

  27. Wrist and Hand Boneshttp://www.eorthopod.com/images/ContentImages/hand/hand_anatomy/hand_anatomy_bones01.jpg

  28. Foot and Ankle Bones:http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/oxford/Oxford_Sports/0199210896.tarsus.1.jpg

  29. What keeps the skeleton together? • Ligaments – bone to bone http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/12686.jpg

  30. What else keeps the skeleton together? • Tendons– Connects bone to muscle

  31. What is tendonitis? • - itis means inflammation or infection of • Your answer? • Inflammation of the tendons !

  32. What are JOINTS ? • The point where 2 bones meet is a joint. • Joints are necessary for motion to occur. • What provides lubrication of a joint? • Joints are filled with synovial fluid.

  33. http://www.cartilamine.com/images/joint_pain.jpg

  34. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS • Joints can be grouped by the amount of motion allowed.

  35. IMMOVABLE – unable to move at all.http://iaks-www.ira.uka.de/home/haimerl/seminar/sternum.gif • Sternum

  36. Immovable Joint • Cranium (Skull)

  37. SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE • Vertebrae (spine or backbone)

  38. Slightly Moveable 2. Pelvis

  39. FREELY MOVEABLEhttp://www.biometricsltd.com/images/wrist.jpg 1. Wrist

  40. Freely Moveable Joints http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/gallery/elbow/studentselbow%20copy.jpg 2. Elbow

  41. Freely Moveable Jointswww.gentili.net/FBI/shoulder.gif 3. Shoulder

  42. Freely Moveable Joints 4. Ankle http://www.wobblenaught.com/images/ankle.jpg

  43. Freely Moveable Joints • Toes Toe Injuries and Disorders: MedlinePlus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html

  44. Freely Moveable Joints • Knee (Patella) http://www.wmt.com/TotalKnee/kneeImages/knee-anatomy-callouts2.jpg

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