How are worms different?

1. How are worms different?

2. 3 KINDS OF WORMS Some free living and some parasites in every group

3. ALL WORMS ARE: INVERTEBRATES no backbone PROTOSTOMESblastopore becomes MOUTH

4. COELOMS: Flatworms = acoelomates Round worms = Pseudocoelomates Segmented worms = Eucoelomates

5. FLATWORMS PLANARIA TAPEWORMS FLUKES

6. FLATWORMSPlanaria(Cross-eyed worms)

7. RESPIRATORYBreathe through their skin DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening

8. NERVOUS2 cerebral ganglia/2 nerve cords EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste through skin

9. MOUTH in middle on VENTRAL SURFACE

10. REPRODUCTION SEXUAL- HERMAPHRODITES but trade sperm with a partner ASEXUAL- can use regeneration to grow a new organism from parts

11. FLATWORMSPLANARIA • Free living • Digestive cavity with one opening/mouth in middle of body • Open circulatory system (shared Gastrovascular cavity) • Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water • Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords • Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction (Can also do asexual reproduction using regeneration) • Eye spots sense light and dark • NO tegument or cuticle

12. FLATWORMSFLUKES PARASITIC Covered by TEGUMENT(made of fused cells) for protection from host immune system

13. DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY shared GASTROVASCULAR cavity similar to Planaria MOUTH at anterior endNOT middle of body SUCKERS (anterior and ventral) help it hold on and suck blood

14. NERVOUS CEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords No eyes EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste & regulate water

15. FLUKES REPRODUCTIVE Most hermaphrodites Few have separate sexes (EX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma) Complicated life cycle with 2 hostsEX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma Adults live in human Larva live in snails

16. FLATWORMSFLUKES • Gastrovascular cavity with one opening /mouth at anterior end • Open circulatory system (shared with Gastrovascular cavity) • Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water • Breathe through skin • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords • Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction • NO Eyes • Parasitic with 2 suckers (anterior & ventral) for attaching to host • Requires 2 hosts to complete life cycle • TEGUMENT for protection from host immune system

17. FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS

18. DIGESTIVE No mouth or digestive organs Absorbs nutrients through its tegument EXCRETORY Flame cells remove nitrogen waste NERVOUS 2 cerebral ganglia/ 2 nerve cords Cephalization No eyes

19. TEGUMENT (made of fused cells) protects from host digestive enzymes and immune system SCOLEXwith hooks and suckers at anterior end to help worm attach and hold on

20. TAPEWORMS REPRODUCTIVE • Hermaphrodites-can fertilize self or trade sperm with other worms • Grow by adding PROGLOTTIDSwhich contain both male and female reproductive organs 30 foot worm can have 2000 proglottids

21. REPRODUCTION COMPLICATED LIFE CYCLESneed 2 hosts to complete life cycle EX: BEEF TAPEWORM Adults feed and reproduce in humans larva make cysts in cow

22. FLATWORMSTAPEWORMS • NO MOUTH or ANUS or digestive system nutrients absorbed through tegument • Breathe through skin • Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste • 2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords No Eyes • Parasitic with hooks & suckers (scolex) for attachment in host • Tegument for protection from host immune system and digestive juices • Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction Use PROGLOTTIDS to reproduce Complicated life cycle with 2 hosts

23. 3 KINDS OF WORMS

24. ALL FLAT WORMS Digestive system with less than 2 openings (one or none) • Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin • FLAME CELLS for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords • Most HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction • If parasites need 2 different hosts to complete life cycle • NO CUTICLE for protection (Has TEGUMENT or NOTHING)

25. ROUND WORMSAscarisTrichinellaHookwormsPinwormsFilarial wormsSoy bean cyst

26. DIGESTIVEComplete disgestive system with MOUTH and ANUS Parasitic ones have biting mouth parts to hang onto host

27. NERVOUSCEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords No eyes EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for protection RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin

28. CIRCULATORY Open circulation like flatworms REPRODUCTIVE SEPARATE SEXES (males & females) Life cycle does NOT require 2 different hosts

29. ROUND WORMS • Complete digestive system with 2 openings • Open circulatory system • Breathe through skin • Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords/ NO Eyes • SEPARATE SEXES with sexual reproduction • Parasites have teeth but NO suckers for attaching to host • DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life cycle • CUTICLE for protection from host immune system

30. SEGMENTED WORMS Earthworms Leeches

31. NERVOUSCEPHALIZATION Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord No eyes EXCRETORY Nephridia remove nitrogen waste INTEGUMENTARY Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for protection RESPIRATORY exchange gases through skin

32. SEGMENTED WORMS CIRCULATORY CLOSED circulation (blood in vessels) REPRODUCTIVE HERMAPHRODITES- exchange sperm with partner

33. SEGMENTED WORMS • Complete digestive system with 2 openings • CLOSED circulatory system • Breathe through skin • Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste • Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord NO Eyes • HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction • Parasites have suckers for attaching to host • DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life cycle • CUTICLE for protection