Crew Resources Management

1. Crew Resources Management Lecture 8:Crew Personality & Attitude

2. Learning Outcomes • At the end of this lecture, student should be able to: • Realize the importance of having good personality as flight crews. • Aware of the bad impacts of hazardous attitudes in flight operation and how to overcome them.

3. Outline for the Presentation • Introduction • Personality • Definition of Personality • Importance of Crew Personality • Attitude • Definition of Attitude • Hazardous Attitudes • Antidote to Hazardous Attitudes

4. Introduction • People differ from each other in fundamental ways, including their thoughts and feelings, their wants and beliefs, their words, their values, and their talents. • People are born withdifferent personalities, and that these differences are central to nearly every aspect of their lives

5. PERSONALITY • Personality is the “the characteristic way in which a person thinks, feels and behaves; as the style of life or way of being in adapting to the environment” [American Psychiatric Association,1980] • Personality distinguishes one person from the other. • In short word, personality is your unique personal style. • Knowledge about the aircrew’s personality and its influence on flying performance has an important bearing on flight safety.

6. Importance of Crew Personality • The aviation scenario encompasses many demanding and challenging situations in the air and/or the ground. • In aviation, bad personality can be one of the many factors in the chain of events which lead to accident. • This is because, the personality of the aircrew is likely to have its own impact on tackling or approaching those demanding situations. • In short word, personality determine what a person will do in a given situation.

7. Personality Traits • Personality traits is the features of personality. • Examples of personality traits: • Independence (not depending on another) • Extrovert (very confident) • Self-Control (ability to control emotions or behaviour, especially in difficult situations). • Tough-Minded (able to deal with difficult situation in a strong determined way) • Anxiety (a worried feeling you have because you thing something bad might happen)

8. Personality Trait Test Everyone cannot build a successful career in aviation. To see how suited you are for these jobs, please rate yourself on a scale of 1 to 5 in following personality traits. 1 means minimum presence and 5 means maximum presence of a trait in your personality. • Ability to handle crisis/tough situations with common sense • Friendliness and kind nature towards unknown people • Physical stamina • Proportionate figure with good body language • Communication skills and voice quality

9. Personality Trait Test • Score Inference:5-10: Aviation is not your calling!11-17: You are good. Get in to get better.18 and above: This is what you are made for. Take off!

10. ATTITUDE • Attitude is a someone’s opinions or feeling about something especially as shown by their behaviour. • Example: Aggressive, positive, negative

11. Hazardous Attitudes • Anti-Authority - 'Why should I listen to you?' • Impulsivity - Do something quickly • Invulnerability - It won’t happen to me • Macho - I can do it! • Resignation - What’s the use

12. Hazardous Attitudes

13. Hazardous Attitude 1: ANTI-AUTHORITY'Why should I listen to you?' • This attitude found in people who do not like anyone telling them what to do. • Pilot that express such an attitude are usually resentful towards comments or advice from others. • Them also tend to disregard operating procedures, rules and regulations. • Antidote: Follow the rules, consider advice from others

14. Hazardous Attitude 2: IMPULSIVITY'Do it QUICKLY!' • This occurs to pilots who feel the need to do anything, immediately (without thinking the result). • Such people who display such attitude work on the concept that 'doing something is better than doing nothing'. • Acting on impulse is dangerous as it usually involve irrational actions. • Antidote: Not so fast, Think first.

15. Hazardous Attitude 3:INVULNERABILITY‘ I don't think it'll happen to me!' • Invulnerable: Impossible to harm • Found in people that feel accidents happen to others, but never to them. • Aircrew who think this way a more likely to take chances and increase risk. • Such attitudes would cause pilots to overlook certain issues that they feel are of less importance (going thru checklist twice, good lookout). • Remember accidents can happen to ANYONE! • Antidote: It could happen to me

16. Hazardous Attitude 4: MACHO'Come on! I can do this!' • Pilots have a tendency to show how good they are. • Many associate this attitude with males but such an attitude can also happen in females. • It occurs when pilots are trying to prove themselves in the wrong way, which often results in taking unnecessary risks. • Antidote: Taking chances (risks) is foolish

17. Hazardous Attitude 5: RESIGNATION'What’s the use? Forget it I give up!' • Found in people that do not see themselves able to make a great deal of difference in what happens to the situation. • When operations at the flight deck don't go as planned or when confusion arises, it is human nature to blame it on fate. • However, in aviation 'leaving it to fate' might and most probably compromise the safety of the flight. • It is essential for all pilots to remain proactive and also reactive. SOP's, rules, regulations that have been placed for flight operations were formulated to assist flight crew to tackle and troubleshoot every possible. • Antidote: I’m not helpless. I can make difference

18. Conclusion • If hazardous attitudes are not corrected they contribute to poor judgment and have played a part in many aircraft accidents in the past. • The first step is to positively identify the attitude. • After a crew recognizes a thought as hazardous and identifies it they should then state the correct antidote. • Crews should memorise the antidotes so that they come to mind when needed.

19. Key Points • Definition of Personality • Importance of Crew Personality • Definition of Attitude • Hazardous Attitude • Antidote to Hazardous Attitude

20. End of Presentation #8Q/A session