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Frontiers of fundamental physics

Frontiers of fundamental physics. GGSB – 8 th GGSWBS, Tbilisi , georgia. august 20-25, 2018 I hans ströher. Science – the endless Frontier ?. Current KNOWLEDGE. U n k n o w n. Lord Kelvin (1900). Science – the endless Frontier !. There are things we know that we know ;

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Frontiers of fundamental physics

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  1. Frontiers of fundamental physics GGSB – 8th GGSWBS, Tbilisi, georgia august 20-25, 2018 I hansströher

  2. Science – theendlessFrontier? • Current • KNOWLEDGE U n k n o w n Lord Kelvin (1900)

  3. Science – theendlessFrontier! Therearethingsweknowthatweknow; therearethingsweknowthatwedon´tknow, and therearethingswedon´tknowthatwedon´tknow (after D. Rumsfeld) • Questions • Puzzles • Mysteries U n k n o w n

  4. Big questions (ofparticlephysics)

  5. Dark matter anddarkenergy Only about 4% of the energy content of the Universe – normal matter – is currently understood Rest (96%) – nature of dark matter and dark energy – is unknown!

  6. Dark matter – Whatisit? Normal matter: brightly shining stars, glowing gas and clouds of dust Dark matter: does not emit, absorb or reflect light Observed via its gravitational effects, e.g.: a higher speed of rotation in the outer parts of spiral galaxies

  7. Dark Energy– Whatisit? Dark energy: exotic formof energy; causes the universeexpansionto accelerate; most abundant form of energy in the universe; may be Einstein´s cosmological constant; But: possibility that dark energy doesn’t exist; i.e. something strangegoing onwith gravity

  8. neutrinos Neutrinos: most abundant particle species in the Universe (~ 100/cm3); almost no interaction with matter (billions pass us every second) Neutrinos (and anti-neutrinos): unconventional and mysterious particles

  9. Neutrinos – whatarethey? Species (flavors) Masses ne,m,tarecombinationsofn1,2,3 Neutrino oscillations:

  10. Neutrinos – whatarethey? Differencebetweenmatter andanti-matter? Don´tknowyet!

  11. antimatter Normal matter – is all abundant Anti-matter– a priori no reason why not as abundant Matter – anti-matter annihilation results in an empty universe Puzzle of our existence!

  12. antimatter – Whereisit? Hardly anything: where is it? Our world (Universe) New Physics (e.g. Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs)) AMS recentlydetected 6 anti-3Heand 2 anti-4He candidateevents

  13. Massofparticles Quarks (up, down, strange, …) and leptons (electrons, muons, neutrinos) have vastly different mass How do particles aquire different mass?

  14. Massofparticles– OnlyHiggs? photon (Mass = 0) electron (M = 0.5) muon (M = 200) Mass by inter- action with Higgs-field: ~ 1% quark mass Most of nucleon mass contained in interaction of qq-pairsand gluons how? (Note: US plans new accelerator) Not so for light quarks and nucleons: ~ 44% quark energy ~ 55% gluon energy

  15. Forces ofnature Forces of Nature: electric, magnetic, weak, strong and gravitation Do they originate from 1 basic force?

  16. Forces ofnature– unification? Electroweak(established) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) (predictsfree proton-decay, e.g.: p  e+p0– not yetobserved(t >1034y))

  17. Unknownsymmetries Physics is the study of symmetries and symmetry breaking: Are there yet unknown symmetries?

  18. Supersymmetry – hopeordead end? Matter Force Carriers • If nature is supersymmetric: a "doppelgänger" state to every presently known elementary particle (lightest one … stable; Dark Matter?) None observed yet!

  19. Ourcontributions Search for CP-Violation Electric Dipole Moments (EDM): Search for Dark Matter (Axions): Investigate neutrino properties:

  20. Big questions – whocares?

  21. Big questions – whocares? • Do we (really) needtoknow: • ifneutrinoshavemass? • why matter haswonover antimatter? • whatthefateisoftheUniverse? • … • Use-inspired (insteadofcuriosity-driven) basicresearch?!

  22. Big questions – whocares? • Do we (really) needtoknow: • ifneutrinoshavemass? • why matter haswonover antimatter? • whatthefateisoftheUniverse? • … • Use-inspired (insteadofcuriosity-driven) basicresearch?! • Similarquestionsmayhavebeenaskedbyourancestors: • GR: tinyinfluenceofmass on time  GPS • Spin: magneticmomentofprotons NMR/MRI • QM: stimulatedemissionof light  LASER • …

  23. Take home: Science comprises all! • Data • Collection (BRAHE QUADRANT)

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