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The Causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

World War I was ignited by a complex interplay of factors including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism led to aggressive military preparations, culminating in massive army drafts. Europe was divided into the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, escalating tensions. Imperialistic ambitions caused fierce competition for colonies, while nationalism fueled desires for independence, notably in Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the conflict. Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia in July 1914 set in motion a series of declarations that engulfed the world in war.

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The Causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

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  1. WORLD WAR ONE

  2. World War I

  3. REASONS FOR WAR 1.MILITARISM or aggressive preparation for war grows. • Mili leaders develop war plans & stock supplies. • Refuse to change plans for anything & were basis for all decisions. • Drafted men. Armies double in size by 1914

  4. REASONS FOR WAR 2.Europe divided into many alliances & the big 2 were: a. Triple Alliance – Italy, Austria-Hungary & Germany b. Triple Entente- France, Great Britain & Russia

  5. REASONS FOR WAR 3. Imperialism led to competition for colonies to get control of resources. Germ had little while Br & Fr had a lot

  6. 4.NATIONALISM:desire for own nation grows. • many ethnic groups want freedom from the states in which they live.

  7. 1914: Serbia wants to create Slavic state. • Aus-Hun against it

  8. June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to A-H throne & wife Sophia visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.

  9. BLACK HAND (Serbian terrorist group who want Bosnia free),try to kill Franz. • Tried a bomb & failed. • GAVRILLO PRINCEP shoots both

  10. DON’T WRITE!!!! • Aus-Hun doesn’t know if Serb govt involved • Want to attack. • Afraid of Russia • Turn to Germ for help.

  11. Germ Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II gives “BLANK CHECK”, promising full support of Aus-Hun, even if Rus gets involved

  12. WAR BEGINS!!! • Serbs turn down AUS-Hun demands • A-H declares war on Serbs July 28th, 1914

  13. WAR BEGINS!!! • Czar Nicholas II of Rus orders partial MOBILIZATION (assembling troops & supplies & making them ready for war).

  14. WAR BEGINS • Russia’s war plans say to fight Germ & Aus-Hun & Czar Nicholas must mobilize against both. Czar orders full mobilization on July 29th, 1914.

  15. WAR BEGINS!!! • Ger sees mobilization as act of war & declares war on Russia.

  16. WAR BEGINS • Germ General Alfred Von Schlieffen’s, war plan calls for 2 front war against FR & RUS (written 1894)

  17. Due to SCHLEIFFEN PLAN Ger had to attack France through Belgium to get RUS. • Ger declared war on France on Aug. 3rd, 1914

  18. DON’T WRITE • Germ told Belgium (neutral) to let troops pass through

  19. Aug. 4th, 1914, Great Brit declares war on Germ for violating Belgium’s neutrality. • GB part of alliance w/ Fr & Rus (Triple Entente)

  20. 1. Franz Ferdinand (next leader of Aus-Hun) assassinated by Serb terrorists the Black Hand 6/28/14 2. Aus-Hun gets Blank Check from Germany 7/5/14 3. Aus-Hun declares war on Serb 7/28/14 4. Russia Mobilizes army on 7/ 29 – 31/14 against both Aus-Hun & Germ

  21. 5. Germans see mobilization as act of war. Declares war on Russia 6. German Schlieffen plan makes Germ invade Belgium & France to get Russia 7. Germany declares war on France 8/3/14 8. Great Britain declares war on Germany 8/4/14

  22. WAR BEGINS • Govt spreads PROPAGANDA- ideas used to influence public opinion for or against a cause- • helped to create hatred & support for causes. • Most believe war will end in 2 weeks or less

  23. Western Front-Mostly in Fr • Schlieffen Plan says go thru Belgium to circle Paris, trapping Fr. • Ger stopped at 1st Battle of Marne (Sept. 6-10, 1914). • Fr troops sent in taxis to front line in red uniforms.

  24. WESTERN FRONT • Both sides dig trenches • New technology • Little movement • Many deaths • Bad conditions. • (Gas, tank, plane, mortars, machine gun, zeppelin,)

  25. BATTLE OF THE SOMME (July 1916)

  26. BATTLE OF VERDUN

  27. NO MAN’S LAND

  28. Eastern Front- Very mobile, w/ huge losses of life. 1. Rus moves into E. Germ & is defeated at Battles of Masurian Lakes & Tannenburg by Sept 1914

  29. 2.Aus-Hun defeated by Rus 3. Italy switches sides in 1915 & attacks Aus-Hun. 4. Italy joins Triple Entente, but now called the ALLIES (GB, FR, RUS)

  30. EASTERN FRONT

  31. 5. Germ pushes Russians back into own land w/ heavy losses 6. Rus no longer threat. 7. Bulgaria joins w/ Germ & Aus-Hun. (now Central Powers) 8. Attack & destroy Serbs in Sept 1915. 9. Ottoman empire joins Central powers

  32. US neutral • GB blockades Germ w/ navy • Germ uses unrestricted submarine warfare (will shoot down any ship)

  33. May 7, 1915 Germ sinks LUSITANIA, a BR passenger liner, killing 1000 (128 Americans) • Germ stops subs, afraid USA will join war.

  34. Jan. 1917, ADMIRALHOLTZENDORF talks KAISER into using unrestricted sub warfare & blockades again to break stalemate

  35. HOLTZENDORF promises Kaiser Wilhelm II that Brits will starve before US acts • “I give your majesty my word as an officer, not one American will land on the continent”

  36. April 1917, US enters the war!!!! • (bringing men, supplies & psychological boost).

  37. Became TOTALWAR-complete mobilization of resources & people. • Women take over jobs in factories

  38. Euros went to PLANNED ECONOMIES- systems run by govt agencies thatexpanded powers to meet needs such as: drafts, regulate import/exports, ration food, control prices, wages & rent control

  39. Don’t write! • 1918 better for Allies w/ arrival of US troops

  40. Germ GENERAL ERICH VON LUDENDORFF gambles & planned 1 big offensive on Western Front

  41. Get w/in 50 miles of Paris, but stopped at 2nd Battle of Marne

  42. 2nd Battle of the Marne

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