Genève & Académie de Grenoble Teachers Programme 06 December 2012

1. International Masterclasses 2013 Genève & Académie de Grenoble Teachers Programme 06 December 2012 Presentation courtesy of: UtaBilow (Technical University of Dresden)

2. Concept Students are in the position of a scientist Students are guided by a Master (lecturer or PhD student) • Students form international collaboration • Learn about fundamental subatomic particles and interactions, detectors, accelerators • Active investigation: Measurements with real data from scientific experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS)

3. Motivation Make modern particle physics data available to students Let students explore fundamental forces and building blocks of nature Inform students about big questions/potential discoveries in Particle Physics Demonstrate the scientific research process Stimulate interest in science(proven in refereed evaluation Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644 )  Topics of fundamental research in science are interesting  Results of HEP research are relevant as cultural knowledge of mankind

4. Creating an International CollaborationVideo Conference (Int. MC only) www.physicsmasterclasses.org/index.php?cat=schedule

5. Worldwide Participation • New countries: • Romania • Turkey • Cyprus • Palestine • Egypt • India •  37 countries!

6. Registration (so far) Period: 25.2. – 22.3.2013 (22 days) (21 in 2012) 158 Masterclasses (143) ALICE: 10 (13) ATLAS W: 50 (42) ATLAS Z: 58 (53) CMS: 40 (35) 36 video conferences with CERN (36), with 2-5 institutes 129 institutes registered (117) + local masterclasses, teachers´ days + U.S. program  talk by Ken

7. Sample Agenda Int. MCs LOCAL TIME: ACTIVITY: 8:30 - 9:00 registration & welcome 9:00 - 10:00 introduction to Particle Physics 10:30 - 11:30 second talk or tour 12:00 - 13:00 lunch with tutors 13:00 - 15:00 data analysis, including introduction 15:00 - 16:00 local combination and discussion 16:00 - 17:00 video conference with CERN

8. Learn to identify particles • Onion-like detectors • Characteristic pattern for each particle type 8

9. Masterclasses with LHC data Follow up closely, what the scientists are doing • Exploit known Standard Model Processes, e.g. • W+/W- ratio corresponding to (uud) quarks in proton • Create mass peaks of J/Psi and Z • Discover new particles • Higgs  WW • Extra Z Bosons • Options to do more than counting • Data quality investigations • Measurement of distributions in mass, angle etc.

10. Students’ results 1 10 ATLAS W-path measurement • W charge asymmetry and structure of proton • Measure W+/W- charge ratio • Search for Higgs: H WW lnln • Measure angle between leptons • Minerva event display • Histogram plotting • Online spreadsheets EditGrid • 6000 events • W-events • High-pT electron or muon • Missing transverse energy • Background (jets, Z, top, …) • 250 simulated WW • Link to W-path • Demonstrator

11. Students’ results 2 11 ATLAS W-path results • W+/W- ratio • Proton = uud (+sea of quarks-antiquarks) • ΔΦ distribution between leptons in • ppWW+X lnln +X • ppH+XWW+X lnln +X

12. Students’ results 1 ATLAS Z-path measurement • Invariant mass as a tool to identify known short-lived particles and discover new ones • Hypatia event display • Identify particle and events • Select di-lepton events • Calculate invariant mass • J/Ψ, Y, Z (data) and Z’ (MC) • Discussion • Mass, width, invariant mass concept • Comparison with ATLAS published results • 10000 real data events • 5000 Z-events (High-pTelectrons or muons) • Other events (DY, W, QCD, J/Ψ, Y) • 1000 simulated Z’(1TeV)ll • Link to Z-path • Demonstrator

13. ATLAS Z-path results Z Z‘ J/Ψ Y Standard Model rediscovery at LHC with invariant mass technique • students have (re)discovered the J/Ψ, Y and Z • the Z’ signal at 1 TeV is Monte Carlo simulated!

14. CMS measurement • Distinguish between Z and W bosons • W+/W- , e/m ratios • Z-mass • Unexpected particles (J/y, U) • iSpy online 3D event display • 1900 Events: • W and Z, Background, “Mystery” events 2-12 GeV • Students sort events by: • Lepton flavor (e or m). • Candidacy (W or Z). • Charge (W+ or W-). • Link to CMS measurement

15. ALICE measurement • Proton-proton data • V0 finder and cascade finder • Recognize from decay pattern • K0s, ,L, Anti- Λ, • Calculate invariant mass • Classify according to mass, fill tables & histograms • Compare with Monte Carlo: Production of strangeness under-predicted in the MC (agrees with ALICE paper) • strangeness enhancement as a telltale signal of Quark Gluon Plasma • Link to ALICE measurement

16. ALICE 2012 – strange particles • Analyze big event sample (2000 events) • Invariant mass histograms for Ks, L, anti-L • Fit 2nd degree polynomial to background + Gaussian to peak • Get number of Ks, L, anti-L after background subtraction • Introduced later • Sample with 21000 pp events • Sample of 1500 PbPb events

17. E-learning Platforms and Tools used • ATLAS • Minerva (M. Wielers, P. Watkins, T. McLaughlan et al)http://atlas-minerva.web.cern.ch • Hypatia (C. Kourkoumelis et al.)http://hypatia.phys.uoa.gr • Under construction: Camelia (M. Barnett, J. Pequenao)http://amelia.sourceforge.net • CMS • iSpy online (M. Hategan, K. Cecire et al.)in collaboration with Quarknet (US)www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display • ALICE • ALICE measurement (P. Debski, Y. Foka et al.) http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/static/Pictures/pictures_High_Resolution/MasterClassWebpage.html

18. Participation in Int. MCs • Growing participation • Also more local Masterclasses in the future

19. Refereed evaluation in Physics Education 42 (2007) 636-644  severity: just right !  success independent of a-priori knowledge and gender ! • 2 more scientific evaluations are currently in process! • Konrad Jende: ATLAS W-path in Int. MCs • Kerstin Gedigk: Netzwerk Teilchenwelt (local MCs in Germany)

20. Most important correlation  Understanding the scientific research process generates interest in (especially modern) physics !