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States of Consciousness

Chapter 7. States of Consciousness. Consciousness. Awareness of what’s going on around you (thoughts, feelings, actions, etc.). Sleep. Stage 1 – Beginning of sleep, just drifting (10 minutes) Stage 2 – Brain waves pick up (20 or so minutes)

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States of Consciousness

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  1. Chapter 7 States of Consciousness

  2. Consciousness • Awareness of what’s going on around you (thoughts, feelings, actions, etc.)

  3. Sleep • Stage 1 – Beginning of sleep, just drifting (10 minutes) • Stage 2 – Brain waves pick up (20 or so minutes) • Stage 3 – Shifting into a deep sleep, high level of brain waves (30 minutes) • Stage 4 – Deepest sleep (night terrors – do not remember them always) • REM Sleep – Rapid Eye Movement – stage where dreams take place; muscles completely relax

  4. Sleep Cycle

  5. Sleep • Circadian Rhythm – biological “clock” that lets you know what you should be doing depending on the time of day • Hours of sleep: • Babies – 16 hours • Teenagers – 8 – 10 hours • Young Adults – 8 hours • Older Adults – 5 hours

  6. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Sleep Apnea • Narcolepsy • Nightmares/Night Terrors • Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

  7. Dreams • Interpretation • Manifest Content – what happens in your dream • Latent Content – what the manifest content means • Lucid Dreams – dreams you are aware of an may control • Daydreams – indirect thinking or fantasizing (requires slow levels of attention)

  8. Hypnosis • State of consciousness based on highly focused attention and suggestibility • Posthypnotic Suggestion – tasks/thoughts to do after hypnosis • Hypnotic analgesia – less pain after hypnosis

  9. Biofeedback • Bio – physiological • Learning to control body through machines that monitor physiological aspects of the body (heart rate, brain waves, etc.)

  10. Meditation • Focused attention to clear your mind and relax • Various cultures have their own forms; depends on purpose

  11. Drugs

  12. Drugs • Psychoactive drugs – drugs that interfere with the nervous system and put you in an altered state of consciousness • Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens • Enter blood stream, act as neurotransmitters (Need to be powerful enough to alter your consciousness to be considered psychoactive)

  13. Marijuana • Plant that is dried out and smoked or eaten • Initial effects: • Heightened sensory experiences • Feelings of relaxation and passiveness • Increased emotional reactions (both good and bad) • Long term effects: • Impaired memory function • Inability to pay attention or think clearly • Lung damage • Psychological addiction

  14. Hallucinogens • Found in plants and taken orally • Initial effects: • Panic attacks • Cause hallucinations (trips): • Seeing, hearing, experiencing things that aren’t really there • Can last between 6 – 14 hours • Long term effects: • Flashbacks • Impaired thinking • Panic attacks

  15. Opiates (Narcotics) • Pain relievers – taken orally or injected • Initial effects: • Pain relief/euphoria • Loss of attention to reality • Long term effects: • Physical addiction • Withdrawal symptoms • Respiratory problems

  16. Depressants • Alcohol (most common) • Initial effects: • Loosening of inhibitions • Impaired judgment • Long term effects: • Brain and liver damage • Memory loss

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