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States of Consciousness

States of Consciousness. Fall 2011. Consciousness, Sleep, and Dreaming. Consciousness. Circadian Rhyhms. Circadian Rhythms. Light from eyes. SCN. Control Messages. Pineal Gland. Melatonin. Blood circulation (sleep, alertness, temperature, etc.). The Science of Sleep.

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States of Consciousness

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  1. States of Consciousness Fall 2011

  2. Consciousness, Sleep, and Dreaming

  3. Consciousness

  4. Circadian Rhyhms

  5. Circadian Rhythms Light from eyes SCN Control Messages Pineal Gland Melatonin Blood circulation (sleep, alertness, temperature, etc.)

  6. The Science of Sleep • http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4181992n • http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4181994n

  7. Stages of Sleep

  8. REM and NREM Sleep REM NREM

  9. Effect of Aging on the Sleep Cycle The average 70-year-old sleeps only about 6 hours, with 14% of that in REM Infants sleep 14 hours and spend 40% of that time in REM. Adults sleep about 7.5 hours, with 20% of that in REM.

  10. Why do we sleep? • Evolutionary/circadian Theory- as part of circadian rhythms, sleep evolved to conserve energy and to serve as protection from predators • Repair/restoration Theory- sleep serves a recuperative function, allowing organisms to repair of replenish key factors

  11. Why do we dream? • Psychoanalytic View • Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis • Cognitive view

  12. Sleep Disorders • Dyssomnia – problems in the amount, timing, and quality of sleep, include: • insomnia • sleep apnea • narcolepsy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2yfUL8uct0 • Parasomnia- abnormal disturbances occuring during sleep, including: • nightmares • night terrors • Sleepwalking • sleep talking • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KknB30WW5w

  13. Good Sleep Hygiene • When you’re having a hard time going sleep, don’t keep checking the clock and worrying about your loss of sleep. Instead remove, all TVs, stereos, and books, and limit the use of bedroom to sleep. • Work off tension through exercise (but not too close to bedtime) • Avoid stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine • Avoid late meals and heavy drinking • Follow the same presleep routine every evening (e.g., music, writing, meditating) • Use progressive muscle relaxation (tense and relax various muscle groups) • Practice yoga or deep breathing, or take a warm bath to help you relax

  14. Psychoactive Drugs

  15. Psychoactive Drugs • Chemicals that change conscious awareness, mood, or perception. • Agonist-enhances a particular neurotransmitter’s effect • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OS2C4NemJI • Antagonist- inhibits a particular neurotransmitter’s effect

  16. Drug Abuse vs. Dependence • Abuse- causes harm to oneself or others. The drug consumption is also typically compulsive, frequent, and intense. • Dependence- mental desire of craving to achieve drugs effect’s. Hallmark symptoms are tolerance and withdrawal.

  17. Effects of Major Drugs

  18. Psychoactive drugs • Methamphetamine • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at3Sg6qvgTE&feature=related • Psychedelics • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3CbfMuR2YA

  19. Altering Consciousness Through Meditation and Hypnosis • Meditation- a group of techniques designed to refocus attention, block out all distractions, and produce an alternate state of consciousness. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh-klfBJlHc • http://vimeo.com/27447724

  20. Hypnosis • Hypnosis- a trance-like state of heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuAgRA0AVwY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KmXolSa-zw

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